brain tumors

Question 1

most common primary brain tumor in adults

Answer 1

glioblastoma (grade 4 astrocytoma)

Question 2

2nd most common primary brain tumor in adults

Answer 2

meningioma

Question 3

3rd most common primary brain tumor in adults

Answer 3

schwannoma

Question 4

highly malignant ADULT brain tumor in cerebral hemis
arises from atrocytes
poor prognosis - 6 mo to 1 yr (worst prognosis)
irregular shape, center has necrosis, outside has edema

Answer 4

glioblastoma

Question 5

brain cell type that provides support to neurons and part of BBB

Answer 5

astrocytoma (most common brain cell type)

Question 6

stains GFAP

Answer 6

astrocytes in glioblastoma (grade 4 astrocytoma) or pilocytic astrocytoma

Question 7

pseudopalisading

Answer 7

glioblastoma

Question 8

more common in women
benign, slow growing ADULT brain tumor near surfaces of brain
arises from arachnoid cells 
may have dural attachment (tail)
tx: resection

Answer 8

meningioma

Question 9

spindle cells arranged in whorled pattern
psammoma bodies (laminated calcifications - rings on a tree)

Answer 9

meningioma

Question 10

ADULT brain tumor
located in cerebellopontine angle
if on CN 8 (present with hearing loss, tinnitis, enlarged internal acoustic meatus on CT scan)
arises from schwann cells
tx: resection

Answer 10

schwannoma

if CN 8 involved = acoustic neuroma

Question 11

bilateral acoustic neuroma (schwannomas) present in

Answer 11

NF-2

Question 12

stain S-100

Answer 12

schwannoma

Question 13

adult brain tumors are usually located

Answer 13

supratentorial

Question 14

child brain tumors are usually located

Answer 14

infratentorial

Question 15

imaging of brain

Answer 15

MRI - soft tissue

CT - if looking for bleed

Question 16

slow growing ADULT brain tumor in frontal lobes

cells have “fried egg” appearance

Answer 16

oligodendroglioma

“oligo my eggo” - “fried egg”

Question 17

pathology with “fried egg” appearance

Answer 17

oligodendroglioma
HPV - in koilocytes
seminoma - testes tumor

Question 18

pituitary tumor ADULT brain tumor
most common - prolactinoma → hypogonadism (amenorrhea, anovulation, galactorrhea, decreased libido)
bitemporal hemianopia (pressure on optic chiasm)

Answer 18

pituitary adenoma

Question 19

possible complications of brain tumors

Answer 19

mass effect - neuro deficits
seizure
altered mental status

Question 20

most common brain tumor type in adults

Answer 20

metastasis: lung, breast, GI, thyroid, kidney, GU, melanoma

Question 21

benign KID brain tumor in posterior fossa (cerebellum)

good prognosis

Answer 21

pilocytic (low-grade astrocytoma)

Question 22

rosenthal fibers

Answer 22

pilocytic astrocytoma

eosinophilic, corkscrew fibers

Question 23

most common primary brain tumor in kids

Answer 23

pilocytic astrocytoma

Question 24

2nd most common primary brain tumor in kids

Answer 24

medulloblastoma

Question 25

very malignant, cerebellum KID brain tumor | can compress 4th ventricle → hydrocephalus

Answer 25

medulloblastoma

Question 26

homer-wright rosettes

Answer 26

medulloblastoma | cells on outside, fibers on inside

Question 27

perivascular rosettes

Answer 27

ependymoma | cells on outside, fibers on inside

Question 28

KID brain tumor can compress 4th ventricle → hydrocephalus arises from ependymal cells poor prognosis

Answer 28

ependymoma

Question 29

brain tumors that compress optic chiasm and cause bitemporal hemianopia

Answer 29

pituitary adenoma - adult | craniopharyngioma - kid

Question 30

benign KID brain tumor in SUPRATENTORIAL region | compress optic chiasm → bitemporal hemianopia

Answer 30

craniopharyngioma

Question 31

brain tumors derived from remnants of Rathke pouch

Answer 31

pituitary adenoma - adult | craniopharyngioma - kid

Question 32

child presenting with hydrocephalus

Answer 32

medulloblastoma | ependymoma

Question 33

tumor produces EPO → secondary polycythemia

Answer 33

hemangioblastoma

Question 34

brain tumor associated with von Hippel Lindau syndrome when found with retinal angiomas

Answer 34

hemangioblastoma

Question 35

foamy cells with high vascularity

Answer 35

hemangioblastoma

Question 36

ADULT brain tumor located in cerebellum

Answer 36

hemangioblastoma

Question 37

complication of cinculate (subfalcine) herniation under falx cerebri

Answer 37

compress ACA

Question 38

types of herniations

Answer 38

cingulate herniation under falx cerebri downward transentorial herniation uncal herniation cerebellar tonsillar herniation into foramen magnum

Question 39

location of uncus

Answer 39

medial temporal lobe

Question 40

complication of uncal herniation

Answer 40

compress ipsilateral CN 3 → blown pupil, down + out ipsilateral PCA → contralateral homonymous hemianopsia contralateral crus cerebri (ipsilateral paralysis = false localization sign) directhemorrhage in paramedian artery

Question 41

complication of cerebellar tonsillar herniation into foramen magnum

Answer 41

coma + death (inhibit respiration) - compress brainstem