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Flashcards in Brainstem Deck (27)
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1
Q

Brainstem FX

A

connects diencephalon to cpinal cord and genetically wired auto-control mechanism

2
Q

Brainstem doesn’t require experience t/f

A

true

3
Q

brainstem structures

A
  1. midbrain
  2. pons
  3. medulla
4
Q

Corticospinal fibers include

A
  1. corona radiata
  2. internal capsule
  3. pes peduncle/crus cerebri
  4. diffuse cotricospinal fibers
  5. pyramidal tract
  6. lateral corticospial tract
5
Q

Corona Radiata

A

cerebrum

6
Q

internal capsule

A

Diencephalon

7
Q

Pes Peduncle/Crus Cerebri

A

Brainstem

8
Q

Diffuse Corticospinal Fibers

A

Pons

9
Q

Pyramidal Tract

A

Medulla

10
Q

Lateral Corticospinal Tract

A

Spinal Cord

11
Q

Lateral and third ventricles

A

butterfly
wings: 2 lateral ventricles
vertical slit: third ventricle

12
Q

cerebral aqueduct

A

aperture in midbrain connecting third and fourth ventricles

13
Q

Fourth ventricle

A

dorsal to pons

14
Q

Corticospinal tracts: MOTOR

A
  1. lateral corticospinal

2. anterior corticospinal

15
Q

lateral corticospinal

A

crosses @ pyramidal decussation and fine movements of limbs

16
Q

anterior corticospinal

A

crosses within spinal column and central axial and girdle muscles

17
Q

Dorsal columns of corticospinal

A

sensory: fine touch and proprioception: both cross @ medial lemniscus in lower medulla, fasciculous gracilis (sacral and lumbar), and fasciculous cuneatus (thoracic and cervical)

18
Q

Anterolateral system

A

cross in spinal column usually after ascending a segment or two

  • Spinothalamic (pain and temp)
  • Spinoreticular (arousal in response to pain)
  • Spinotectal (orients head to stimuli)
19
Q

Brainstem Anatomical

A
  1. ascending and descending fiber tracts

2. nuclei groups related to cranial nerve functions and vital visceral (cardiac and respiratory) and reflexive functions

20
Q

Anatomic structures of midbrain: caudal

A
  1. cerebral aqueduct
  2. inferior colliculus
  3. superior cerebellar peduncle and decussation
  4. medial lemniscus
21
Q

Anatomic structures of midbrain: Rostral

A
  1. pes pedunculi (crus cerebri)
  2. substantia nigra
  3. red nucleus
  4. superior colliculus
  5. central gray
  6. cerebral aqueduct
  7. oculomotor nucleus and nerve
  8. medial lemniscus
22
Q

Midbrain syndromes

A
  1. ipsilateral paralysis of upper and lower limbs and trunk
  2. ipsilateral paralysis of eyeball muscle with eye fixed
  3. contralateral limb incoordination (ataxia)
  4. loss of contralateral discriminative touch
  5. cranial nerve symptoms and frequent altered consciousness
23
Q

Pontine syndromes

A
  1. ipsilateral hemiplegia (upper and lower extremities)
  2. contralateral losses of discriminative (position and vibratory sensation) touch
  3. medially deviated eye (paralysis of ipsilateral lateral rectus muscle)
  4. diplopia (double vision) on gaze toward side of lesion (involving abducens nerve)
  5. unsteady gait
  6. ipsilateral facial palsy
  7. vertigo, nausea, and deafness in ipsilateral ear
24
Q

Medullary Syndromes: Medial Medullary (anterior spinal artery) syndrome

A

hypoglossal (CN-XII) Nucleus/nerve, medial lemniscus fibers, and pyramidal (corticospinal) tract fibers all affected

25
Q

Deficits of Medial medullary syndrome

A

contralateral hemiplegia, contralateral hemianesthesia, dysarthria and dysphagia

26
Q

Medullary syndromes: Lateral medullary (posterior/inferior cerebellar artery) Syndrome

A

Affects Vagus, glossopharyngeal, vestibular, spinal trigeminal tract and nucleus, inferior cerebellar peduncle, spinothalamic tract

27
Q

Deficits of Lateral Medullary Syndrome

A

loss of pain and temp from ipsilateral face, dysphagia, dysarthria, vertigo, ataxia in ipsilateral upper and lower limbs, and contralateral loss of pain and temperature