Breast Instrumentation/Technique

Question 1

An imaging artifact that results in the filling in of cystic structures due to lack of finite beam width

Answer 1

Volume Averaging

Question 2

Approximately what percentage of women will be diagnosed with Breast Cancer?

Answer 2

12.4% (1 in 8 women)

Question 3

Average Speed of Sound in Breast Tissue

Answer 3

1450 m/sec

Question 4

Axial Resolution is equal to:

Answer 4

1/2 the spatial pulse length of the transducer being used.

Question 5

1.5D transducers permit focusing on which plane?

Answer 5

Elevation Plane

Question 6

At what rate is high frequency ultrasound attenuated for soft tissues?

Answer 6

0.5 dB/cm/MHz

Question 7

Best scanning technique when patient presents with nipple discharge

Answer 7

Convergent Scanning technique

Question 8

Are benign breast lesions more easily compressible than malignant?

Answer 8

Yes

Question 9

Do malignant lesions appear larger on elastogram than on grey scale image?

Answer 9

Yes

Question 10

Best frequency for scanning breast ultrasound

Answer 10

10.0 MHz

Question 11

What is system gain?

Answer 11

Determines the amount of amplification an echo receives prior to reaching our tv monitor

Question 12

Vascular flow patterns most suspicious for Breast tumor malignancy

Answer 12

Mean flow velocities in the 25-40 cm/sec range on color flow Doppler

Question 13

Extended field of view imaging results in:

Answer 13

Improved interrogation of the chest wall and pleura

Question 14

Spatial resolution improves with:

Answer 14

Increasing transducer frequency

Question 15

Annotate a Left breast mass located at 7:00, midway between the nipple and periphery in the mid breast.

Answer 15

L 7:00 2 B

Question 16

Most popular breast scanning technique

Answer 16

Convergent technique

Question 17

Why does the “Bayonet Sign” occur

Answer 17

The ultrasound system assumes the speed of sound in the tissues being examined is 1540 m/sec

Question 18

Most significant reason why ultrasound should Not be used as a breast cancer screening tool

Answer 18

Ultrasound lacks the detail resolution of mammography

Question 19

Harmonic Imaging eliminates many artifacts

Answer 19

True

Question 20

Which imaging modality is an adaptation of the Fremitus technique

Answer 20

Sonoelastography

Question 21

What does the TGC control do

Answer 21

Adjusts the strength of returning echoes based on the depth from which they originate

Question 22

Most common method of breast cancer detection

Answer 22

Screening mammography

Question 23

Optimal patient positioning when scanning a parasternal left breast lesion

Answer 23

Supine

Question 24

Ultrasound contrast agents are typically made of encapsulated bubbles of what size?

Answer 24

5-7 microns

Question 25

What is the benefit of Tissue Harmonic Imaging

Answer 25

Improved tissue contrast

Question 26

Targeted breast ultrasound is indicated for:

Answer 26

Characterization of masses

Question 27

Transducers in the 10-13.5 MHz range can resolve structures of what size?

Answer 27

0.2 mm or less

Question 28

What size should stand-off pad thickness be?

Answer 28

1cm or less

Question 29

Fat should always appear on ultrasound as what shade of gray

Answer 29

Medium

Question 30

What kind of lesion exhibits similar peak systolic velocities and resistivity indices within the center of the mass and the periphery?

Answer 30

Benign lesions

Question 31

Orthogonal planes are:

Answer 31

90 degrees to each other

Question 32

What percent of lesion compressibility do carcinomas have?

Answer 32

Less than 15%

Question 33

Zones 1, 2 and 3 of the breast describe:

Answer 33

Distance from the nipple

Question 34

The infiltration zone is best visualized in the:

Answer 34

Coronal plane

Question 35

Why does the “Bayonet sign” occur?

Answer 35

Because the difference in the speed of sound between breast tissue and the fluid within the cyst

Question 36

What is the infiltrative zone?

Answer 36

Jagged infiltration directly surrounding tissues of a tumor

Question 37

3D ultrasound enables:

Answer 37

Creation of a coronal plane

Question 38

What can CEUS do?

Answer 38

Visualize the neovascularity of breast lesions

Question 39

Advantage of color flow Doppler

Answer 39

Ability to assign a specific color to a given velocity

Question 40

How many shades of gray are required for breast imaging in order to delineate the difference in tissue architecture present in solid lesions?

Answer 40

At least 256

Question 41

What does the supine, contralateral posterior oblique position do?

Answer 41

It renders breast tissue as thin as possible

Question 42

1.5D linear arrays permit dynamic electronic focusing in the slice thickness and image plane, which improves lateral resolution in the:

Answer 42

Near field

Question 43

Visual inspection of the breast includes:

Answer 43

Skin retraction, dimpling or bulging

Question 44

Breast ultrasound requires a transducer with:

Answer 44

10-13.5 MHz frequency, broad bandwidth, linear array, large field of view and dynamic focusing

Question 45

________ resolution is equal to the beam diameter at any point on the ultrasound beam

Answer 45

Lateral

Question 46

R 6:00 SA represents:

Answer 46

Right Breast, 6:00, Subareolar

Question 47

The artifact that occurs when sound does not travel in a straight line is called:

Answer 47

Refraction

Question 48

In silicone Breast implants, the speed of sound is approximately

Answer 48

1000 m/s

Question 49

Limitation of power Doppler

Answer 49

Inability to provide information about blood flow direction

Question 50

System power

Answer 50

Controls the intensity of the beam produced by the transducer. Should be high enough to penetrate the chest wall

Question 51

Speed of sound in breast tissue due to fat

Answer 51

1450 m/s positioning echoes deeper than they actually are

Question 52

Ducts would be best visualized when scanning:

Answer 52

Radially

Question 53

A method of removing artifacts from the image by viewing the target area from multiple lines of sight is called:

Answer 53

Spatial compound imaging

Question 54

The most important prognostic factor for breast cancer

Answer 54

Whether or not the cancer has spread to the lymph nodes

Question 55

Should be done in combination with 2D digital breast mammography

Answer 55

Digital Breast Tomosynthesis (DBT)

Question 56

What kind of breast cancer treatment reduces radiation to the lungs

Answer 56

Brachytherapy

Question 57

According to the ACR, ultrasound may be the preferred initial imaging treatment for:

Answer 57

Suspected failed breast implants

Question 58

Power Doppler feature that is an advantage compared to color Doppler

Answer 58

It is angle independent

Question 59

Synonyms to sonodense

Answer 59

Hyperechoic Echodense Sonopaque

Question 60

Synonyms to sonolucent

Answer 60

Anechoic Echolucent