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Flashcards in BrosRenalPharm Deck (74)
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1
Q

Where along the nephron does Acetazolamide act?[…]

A

Where along the nephron does Acetazolamide act?Proximal tubules

2
Q

Where along the nephron do loop diuretics act?[…]

A

Where along the nephron do loop diuretics act?Loop of Henlelol

3
Q

Where along the nephron do Thiazide diuretics act?[…]

A

Where along the nephron do Thiazide diuretics act?Distal tubule

4
Q

Where along the nephron do Potassium-sparing Diuretics act?[…]

A

Where along the nephron do Potassium-sparing Diuretics act?Collecting duct

5
Q

[…] is an osmotic diuretic that functions by increasing renal tubuluar fluid osmolarity, thereby increasing urine flow.

A

Mannitol is an osmotic diuretic that functions by increasing renal tubuluar fluid osmolarity, thereby increasing urine flow.

6
Q

What is the clinical use of Mannitol?[…]

A

What is the clinical use of Mannitol?Tx of ICP/IOP; Drug overdose

7
Q

[…] is an osmotic diuretic that is contraindicated in anuria or CHF.

A

Mannitol is an osmotic diuretic that is contraindicated in anuria or CHF.

8
Q

[…] is a possible pulmonary complication of Mannitol administration.

A

Pulmonary edema is a possible pulmonary complication of Mannitol administration.Dehydration as well, due to the increase in urinary flow.

9
Q

What is the MOA of Acetazolamide?[…]

A

What is the MOA of Acetazolamide?Inhibition of Carbonic AnhydraseThereby causes self-limited NaHCO3diuresisand a decrease in total body HCO3stores.

10
Q

[…] is a diuretic used to alkalinize the urineor treat metabolic alkalosisas itinhibits Carbonic Anhydrase.

A

Acetazolamide is a diuretic used to alkalinize the urineor treat metabolic alkalosisas itinhibits Carbonic Anhydrase.

11
Q

[…] is a diuretic that inhibits carbonic anhydrase and is used to treat altitude sicknessand pseudotumour cerebri.

A

Acetazolamide is a diuretic that inhibits carbonic anhydrase and is used to treat altitude sicknessand pseudotumour cerebri.

12
Q

What type of acid-base imbalance does Acetazolamide cause?[…]

A

What type of acid-base imbalance does Acetazolamide cause?Hyperchloremic Metabolic AcidosisRemember, Acetazolamide causes NaHCO3diuresisand lowers HCO3levels.

13
Q

Which diuretic is associated with NH3toxicity?[…]

A

Which diuretic is associated with NH3toxicity?Acetazolamide

14
Q

What type of diuretic is Furosemide?[…]

A

What type of diuretic is Furosemide?Loop diuretic

15
Q

What type of diuretic is Ethacrynic Acid?[…]

A

What type of diuretic is Ethacrynic Acid?Loop diuretic

16
Q

What is the primary MOA of Furosemide?[…]

A

What is the primary MOA of Furosemide?Inhibition of the the Na/K/2Cl cotransporter at the thick ascending limb of the loop of HenleIn doing so, it abolishes the hypertonicity of the medullaand inhibits concentration of the urineas it ascends out of the loop of Henle.It also stimulates release of PGE (which has vasodilatory effects on the afferent arteriole).

17
Q

How do NSAIDs influence Furosemide action?[…]

A

How do NSAIDs influence Furosemide action?Inhibition

18
Q

[…] is a sulfonamide loop diuretic that functions by inhibiting the Na/K/2Cl cotransporterat the thick ascending limb of loop of Henle.

A

Furosemide is a sulfonamide loop diuretic that functions by inhibiting the Na/K/2Cl cotransporterat the thick ascending limb of loop of Henle.In doing so, it abolishes the hypertonicity of the medullaand prevents concentration of the urineas it ascends out of the loop of Henle.

19
Q

How does Furosemide influence Ca excretion?[…]

A

How does Furosemide influence Ca excretion?Increase

20
Q

What is the clinical use of Furosemide?[…]

A

What is the clinical use of Furosemide?Edematous states; Hypercalcemia; HTNEdematous states include: CHF, cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome, pulmonary edema

21
Q

[…] is a CNS complication of loop diuretics.

A

Ototoxicity is a CNS complication of loop diuretics.

22
Q

How do loop diuretics change K levels?[…]

A

How do loop diuretics change K levels?Hypokalemia

23
Q

Which loop diuretic is known to cause sulfa-drug allergy?[…]

A

Which loop diuretic is known to cause sulfa-drug allergy?Furosemide

24
Q

Which loop diuretic is used for diuresis in patients allergic to sulfa drugs?[…]

A

Which loop diuretic is used for diuresis in patients allergic to sulfa drugs?Ethacrynic Acid

25
Q

What is the MOA of Ethacrynic Acid?[…]

A

What is the MOA of Ethacrynic Acid?Inhibition of the Na/K/2Cl cotransporter in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henlei.e. same as Furosemide (loop diuretic)
In doing so, itabolishes the hypertonicity of the medullaandinhibits concentration of the urineas it ascends out of the loop of Henle.

26
Q

Which loop diuretic is neverused to treat Gout?[…]

A

Which loop diuretic is neverused to treat Gout?Ethacrynic Acid

27
Q

What is the MOA of thiazide diuretics?[…]

A

What is the MOA of thiazide diuretics?Inhibition of NaCl reabsorption at the early distal tubule

28
Q

How do thiazide diuretics influence Ca levels?[…]

A

How do thiazide diuretics influence Ca levels?IncreaseThey decrease Ca excretion.

29
Q

Which thiazide diuretic is used to treat Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus?[…]

A

Which thiazide diuretic is used to treat Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus?Hydrochlorothiazide

30
Q

Which thiazide diuretic is used to treat Osteoporosis?[…]

A

Which thiazide diuretic is used to treat Osteoporosis?Hydrochlorothiazide

31
Q

What acid-base imbalance is seen following Hydrochlorothiazide use?[…]

A

What acid-base imbalance is seen following Hydrochlorothiazide use?Hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis

32
Q

How does Hydrochlorothiazide change Na levels?[…]

A

How does Hydrochlorothiazide change Na levels?Hyponatremia

33
Q

How does Hydrochlorothiazide change glucose levels?[…]

A

How does Hydrochlorothiazide change glucose levels?Hyperglycemia

34
Q

How does Hydrochlorothiazide change lipid levels?[…]

A

How does Hydrochlorothiazide change lipid levels?Hyperlipidemia

35
Q

How does Hydrochlorothiazide change uric acid levels?[…]

A

How does Hydrochlorothiazide change uric acid levels?Hyperuricemia

36
Q

How does Hydrochlorothiazide change Ca levels?[…]

A

How does Hydrochlorothiazide change Ca levels?Hypercalcemia

37
Q

What type of diuretic is Spironolactone?[…]

A

What type of diuretic is Spironolactone?K-sparing

38
Q

What type of diuretic is Eplerenone?[…]

A

What type of diuretic is Eplerenone?K-sparing

39
Q

What type of diuretic is Amiloride?[…]

A

What type of diuretic is Amiloride?K-sparing

40
Q

What type of diuretic is Triamterene?[…]

A

What type of diuretic is Triamterene?K-sparing

41
Q

What is the MOA of Spironolactone and Eplerenone?[…]

A

What is the MOA of Spironolactone and Eplerenone?Competitive antagonism at Aldosterone receptors in the collecting duct

42
Q

[…] andEplerenone are 2 K-sparing diuretics that act as aldosterone receptor antagonistsat the collecting duct.

A

Spironolactone andEplerenone are 2 K-sparing diuretics that act as aldosterone receptor antagonistsat the collecting duct.

43
Q

Spironolactone and[…] are 2 K-sparing diuretics that act as aldosterone receptor antagonistsat the collecting duct.

A

Spironolactone andEplerenone are 2 K-sparing diuretics that act as aldosterone receptor antagonistsat the collecting duct.

44
Q

What is the MOA of Triamterene and Amiloride?[…]

A

What is the MOA of Triamterene and Amiloride?Blockade of Na channels in the collecting duct

45
Q

[…] andAmiloride are 2 K-sparing diuretics that act by blocking Na channels in the collecting duct.

A

Triamterene andAmiloride are 2 K-sparing diuretics that act by blocking Na channels in the collecting duct.

46
Q

Triamterene and[…] are 2 K-sparing diuretics that act by blocking Na channels in the collecting duct.

A

Triamterene andAmiloride are 2 K-sparing diuretics that act by blocking Na channels in the collecting duct.

47
Q

What diuretic is used to treat hyperaldosteronism?[…]

A

What diuretic is used to treat hyperaldosteronism?K-sparing diuretics

48
Q

[…] is a serum electrolyte imbalance that results following K-sparing diuretic use which can lead to arrhythmia.

A

Hyperkalemia is a serum electrolyte imbalance that results following K-sparing diuretic use which can lead to arrhythmia.

49
Q

Which K-sparing diuretic is associated with endocrine effectssuch as gynecomastiaand antiandrogeneffects?[…]

A

Which K-sparing diuretic is associated with endocrine effectssuch as gynecomastiaand antiandrogeneffects?Spironolactone

50
Q

What is the onlydiuretic that does not increase urinary NaCl?[…]

A

What is the onlydiuretic that does not increase urinary NaCl?Acetazolamide

51
Q

How do loop diuretics change urinary K levels?[…]

A

How do loop diuretics change urinary K levels?IncreaseHypokalemia can result.

52
Q

How do thiazide diuretics change urinary Klevels?[…]

A

How do thiazide diuretics change urinary Klevels?IncreaseHypokalemia may result.

53
Q

[…] is a carbonic anhydrase inhibiting diuretic that causes acidosis as it causes decreased HCO3 reabsorption.

A

Acetazolamide is a carbonic anhydrase inhibiting diuretic that causes acidosis as it causes decreased HCO3 reabsorption.

54
Q

[…] are a type of diuretic that causes acidosisdue to antagonism of aldosteronewhich prevents K and H secretion.

A

K-sparing diuretics are a type of diuretic that causes acidosisdue to antagonism of aldosteronewhich prevents K and H secretion.The resultant hyperkalemia drives H/K exchange, resulting in H movement out ofthe cell.

55
Q

[…] andthiazide diuretics are 2 types of diuretics that cause alkalosisdue to volume contractionas a result of increased Angiotensin II levels.

A

Loop diuretics andthiazide diuretics are 2 types of diuretics that cause alkalosisdue to volume contractionas a result of increased Angiotensin II levels.ATII increases Na/H exchange in the PCT thereby leading to increased HCO3reabsorption.

56
Q

Loop diuretics and[…] are 2 types of diuretics that cause alkalosisdue to volume contractionas a result of increased Angiotensin II levels.

A

Loop diuretics andthiazide diuretics are 2 types of diuretics that cause alkalosisdue to volume contractionas a result of increased Angiotensin II levels.ATII increases Na/H exchange in the PCT thereby leading to increased HCO3reabsorption.

57
Q

[…] andthiazide diuretics are 2 types of diuretics that causealkalosisdue to K excretion causing K movement intocells in exchange for H.

A

Loop diuretics andthiazide diuretics are 2 types of diuretics that causealkalosisdue to K excretion causing K movement intocells in exchange for H.Also, in low K states, H is exchanged for Na in the collecting duct instead of K.

58
Q

Loop diuretics and[…] are 2 types of diuretics that causealkalosisdue to K excretion causing K movement intocells in exchange for H.

A

Loop diuretics andthiazide diuretics are 2 types of diuretics that causealkalosisdue to K excretion causing K movement intocells in exchange for H.Also, in low K states, H is exchanged for Na in the collecting duct instead of K.

59
Q

Which 2 types of diuretics cause alkalosis?[…]

A

Which 2 types of diuretics cause alkalosis?Loop; Thiazide

60
Q

Which 2 types of diuretics cause acidosis?[…]

A

Which 2 types of diuretics cause acidosis?Carbonic Anhydrase inhibitors; K-sparing diuretics

61
Q

How do loop diuretics change urinary Calevels?[…]

A

How do loop diuretics change urinary Calevels?IncreaseLoops diuretics decrease paracellular Ca reabsorptionthereby causing hypocalcemia.

62
Q

How do thiazide diuretics change urinary Calevels?[…]

A

How do thiazide diuretics change urinary Calevels?DecreaseThiazides enhance paracellular Ca reabsorption in the distal tubule.

63
Q

What is the MOA of Captopril?[…]

A

What is the MOA of Captopril?ACE inhibition

64
Q

What is the MOA of Enalapril?[…]

A

What is the MOA of Enalapril?ACE inhibition

65
Q

What is the MOA of Lisinopril?[…]

A

What is the MOA of Lisinopril?ACE Inhibition

66
Q

[…],Enalapril andLisinopril are ACE inhibitors that decrease angiotensin II levelsand subsequently decrease GFRby preventing the constriction of efferent arterioles.

A

Captopril,Enalapril andLisinopril are ACE inhibitors that decrease angiotensin II levelsand subsequently decrease GFRby preventing the constriction of efferent arterioles.

67
Q

Captopril,[…] andLisinopril are ACE inhibitors that decrease angiotensin II levelsand subsequently decrease GFRby preventing the constriction of efferent arterioles.

A

Captopril,Enalapril andLisinopril are ACE inhibitors that decrease angiotensin II levelsand subsequently decrease GFRby preventing the constriction of efferent arterioles.

68
Q

Captopril,Enalapril and[…] are ACE inhibitors that decrease angiotensin II levelsand subsequently decrease GFRby preventing the constriction of efferent arterioles.

A

Captopril,Enalapril andLisinopril are ACE inhibitors that decrease angiotensin II levelsand subsequently decrease GFRby preventing the constriction of efferent arterioles.

69
Q

How do ACE Inhibitors change renin levels?[…]

A

How do ACE Inhibitors change renin levels?IncreaseDue to a loss of negative feedback from Angiotensin II.

70
Q

How do bradykinin levels change following ACE Inhibitor administration?[…]

A

How do bradykinin levels change following ACE Inhibitor administration?IncreaseRemember, Angiotensin II also breaks down bradykinin.This is why patients on ACE Inhibitors will cough a alot (i.e. ACE Inhibitor Cough).

71
Q

How do Angiotensin II antagonists change bradykinin levels?[…]

A

How do Angiotensin II antagonists change bradykinin levels?There is no increaseHence there is no risk of cough or angioedema.Angiotensin II antagonists at -sartans.

72
Q

[…] are a teratogenic complication of ACE inhibitors.

A

Fetal Renal Malformations are a teratogenic complication of ACE inhibitors.

73
Q

How do ACE Inhibitors change creatinine levels?[…]

A

How do ACE Inhibitors change creatinine levels?IncreaseACE Inhibitors decrease GFR hence increase creatinine levels.

74
Q

How do ACE Inhibitors change K levels?[…]

A

How do ACE Inhibitors change K levels?Hyperkalemia