Burgundy Flashcards
What is the Napoleonic Code?
1804.
Napoleon issued this code which required inheritance to be split equally among hiers
What are the practices of Métayage or Fermage?
M is sharecropping
F is leasing
Practises used by Bourgeois owners of vineyards with farmers
5 main wine growing region of Burgundy
Chablis, Côte d’Or, Côte Chalonnaise, Mâconnais, Beaujolais
Côte d’Or:
How long it is?
Name the main city/town N and S
What’s the general vineyard exposition?
60kms,
Dijon to the north and the 3 Maranges to the South
General exposition is East and South-East
What’s the Southernmost commune of the Côte de Nuit?
Corgoloin
On which department lies Chablis?
Yonne
On which department lies the Côte Chalonnaise?
Saône et Loire
On which departments lies Beaujolais?
Rhône
Where would you find the ‘Rock of Solutre’?
In Maconnais. It’s one of the most emblematic sites in The Saône et Loire
Synonim of Chardonnay in Beaune?
What is its crossing?
Beaunois
Crossing between PN X Gouais Blanc
Parentage of Aligote?
PN X Gouais Blanc
What is another name of Beurot grape?
Synonim of PG
Bourgogne AOP
Departments and Styles
(not subregions)
Dep of Yonne, Cote d’Or, Saône et Loire, Rhone
W R Rose and Gamay
W-> Ch/PB + max 30%PG
Rosé-> PN - PG + accessory (César max 10%encep, max 49%assem) Gamay not allowed
Red-> Pn + acc ( (César max 10%encep, max 49%assem)(Gamay max 30% assembla and encep)
Gamay-> min 85%Gamay
**Cesar only allowed in Yonne dep
***Beaujolais only allowed in Beauj cru from wines coming from that delimited area
Min ABV: W 10.5%
R/R:10.2%
W geographic designation 10.5%
Regional Subzones that can append their name to Bourgogne AOP
(name 3)
Cotes d'Auxerre (Y) w r r Cote d'Or W R(ed) Cote Chalonnaise W R R Cote de Couchois R(ed) only 10 hect Haute Cotes de Beaune W R R Haute cotes de Nuits. W R R
Commune Subzones that can append their name to Bourgogne AOP (name 2)
Chitry (Y) W R R
Coulange la Vineuse (Y) W R R
Épineuil (Y) R R
Tonnère (Y) W
Lieu Dits Subzones that can append their name to Bourgogne AOP
Cotes St Jacques (Y) W R R
La Chapelle Notre Dame W R R
Le Chapitre W R R
Montrecul W R R
Previous name of Coteaux Bourgignons AOP
Bourgogne Grand Ordinaire AOP
Coteaux Bourguignons AOP:
Which area does it cover?
What style?
Which are the primary grapes?
Same area and dep as Bourgogne AOP
W R R
W: Aligote, Melon de Bourgogne, Chard, PB, PG
Rose: Gamay, Pn, PG, Cesar(only in Yonne)
Red: Gamay Pn Cesar(only Y)
Whats the percentage of Aligote in Bourgogne Aligote AOP?
100%
Bourgogne Passe-Tout-Grains AOP:
Style, Assemblage
R R
Min 30% PN, Min 15% Gamay + mixed CH PB PG
All covinified
Bourgogne Mousseaux AOP
Style, Encep and Assembl, Method, Max RS?
Spk Rouge
PN, Gamay, Cesar (Yonne only) + accessory (Acc can’t exceed 49%of Blend)
Min Must wight 171 g/L Max Rs 2 g/L
Trad Method, 9 months on lees min.
Cremant de Bourgogne Aop
Style, Assemblage, Aging
SPK W and Rose
Min 30% combined Ch, PG, PB, PN. Gamay max 20%
M Weight 144 g/l
aging 9m/12m
Eminent : Ch, PN, Gamay, Aligote min 2 yrs on lees
Grand Eminent: PN CH (max 20%gamay for rose only) 3yrs lees + 3 m
G. E.: option of vintage, only first 75% of press can be used, Dosage max 15 g/l
Smallest Aop in France?
La Romanee 0.85
Smallest and Largest GC in Burgundy?
La Romanee 0.85, Corton AOP 160 ha
Do 1er cru vineyard own AOP status?
No, they are technically Geographical Designation appended onto the village AOP
Can 1er Cru be blended?
yes they can, but they need to be in the same village AOP to retain a generic 1er cru on the label.
If two 1er cru from two different villages are blended, they will be using Bourgogne AOP on label.
Can Grand Cru be blended?
GC have their own AOPs.
If blended, if from same village they can use the generic 1er cru (village).
If 2 GC blended from different villages, it will be labeled Bourgogne AOP
What’s the soil of Burgundy?
Limestone predominantly, More marl in the cote de Beaune
What are the Côte in Burgundy?
Hills, Rising up to 400-500 m
Up to which elevation are vineyards planted in Burgundy?
What’s the grade?
Up to 400 m High
Up to 35%. GC vineyards are typically at 10%
What are the Combes?
Valleys. They are conduits for cool breezes and hailstorm
What was the last GC to be promoted?
La Grande Rue, Vosne Romanee 1992
Monopole of François LaMarche
What’s the modern name of the vineyard that was called “Clos de Cinq Journeaux”?
Modern-day Romanée Conti
By the Benedictines
Which AOP is used by Comte George de Vogüé for his Musigny blanc?
From 2015, Musigny GC AOP
with the previous vintage being 1993.
From 1994 to 2014 the wine was sold as Bourgogne AOP due to replanting in the vineyard
What is a Hamlet?
Hamlet is the smallest form of settlement, often included administratively within the commune of a larger neighbouring town.
What’s an iconic example of Hamlet in Burgundy?
Blagny:
Blagny is a village appellation located within Puligny-Montrachet and Mersault
Describe Lieu-dit
Nearly synonym of Climat. Part of vineyard or small geographical area bearing a traditional name.
Describe parcel
A single, continuous holding within a vineyard owned by one grower
What ‘Climat’ stands for?
Regulated by INAO ‘ a parcel of vines defined and named to be associated with the wines it produces’ More than 1200 in Burgundy
What the term Clos indicates?
A vineyard enclosed within a stone wall.
Clos Vougeot -> largest, most famous
What are Chevets?
Water Channels
What are the Murgers ?
piles of Rocks removed from vineyards during planting vineyards
Under which monastic order some of the first ‘Clos’ appeared in Burgundy?
Under the Cistercian order
‘Clos Vougeot’ Clos de la Forge (now Clos de Tart)
Clos de Lambrays
Also Musigny, Richebourg, Montrachet were cultivated by the monks
What Philip the Bold duke decided in 1395?
He banned the cultivation of Gamay in Burgundy
In the Summer of 35 he ordered growers to uproot Gamay by the following Easter, advocating plantings of. PN in Burgundy’s best vineyards
When was the Hospices Civile de Beaune founded?
1794
In 1443 The hotel de Dieu was founded.
In 1794 few charitable mission got put together under the Hosp.Civ.de B.
Through Donations now the Domaine holds about 60HA of vineyards.
Since which year is the annual wine auction of L’Hospices de Beaune held?
Since 1859, on the 3rd Sunday of November during the Trois Glorieuses at Chateau Clos Vougeot. It’s a 3 days celebrations with auction on the second day and La Paulée de Mersault on the third
What’s the particularity of the Sales during the auction from l’Hospices de Beaune’?
Nearly 4 dozens of red and white cubes are auctioned en primeur as whole barrels.
The finished wine will carry the name and the cuvee of the Negociants elevateur
From 2005 it is open to everyone
Who is Claude Jomard?
In 1651 the Diocese of Langres awarded him with a perpetual lease on the climate of Chambertin- Clos de Bèze, that he brought back to health and life.
In 1691, for the first time in Burgundy History a wine marked by climat arrived in the cellars of Paris.
Which was the first wine marked by the name of the climat where was coming from in Burgundy?
Chambertin-Clos de Bèze in 1691
In which year the classification of climat in Burgundy was firstly drowned ?
In 1831 by Denis Blaise-Morelot
However in 1855 Jules Lavalle completed a detailed map
Updated in 1860
What was unique about the Jules Lavalle map?
His map established a quality hierarchy with tete de cuvee, 1er cuvee, deuxieme cuvee, troixieme cuvee
His map focused on quality of the vineyards.
The top climate started in fact to overshadow the village name. Many villages started to append the name of those vineyards to theirs
What is Coupage ? Until when was allowed in Burgundy?
A blending practise allowed in Burgundy until 1919.
Wines could be cutted with cheaper wines from anywhere else.
Who is the largest landowner in the Côte d’Or?
Bouchard Père et Fils
He is also a Negociants, with 130 ha owned
Also Joseph Drouhin (70ha from Chablis to Cote Chalonnaise
L. Jadot (150 ha, but not all within Cote d’Or
When did Negociants appeared in Burgundy?
Early 1700
Maison Champy and Maison Claude Marey founded in the 1720s.
Bouchard Pere et Fils founded in 1731
When did the idea of Domaine bottling became a thing?
20th Century with Marquis d’Angerville, Tallot-Beaut , Henri-Gouges, Etienne Grivot, Armand Rousseau
Which iconic vineyard didn’t get uprooted during Phylloxera in Burgundy?
The Romanee-Conti GC vineyard was not uprooted until 1945 vintage.
What’s the most common training method in Burgundy?
Single Guyot
A cane pruning bearing a cane and a spur
What’s the common training method in Beaujolais?
Gobelet
Which notable vineyards are exceptions to the classic east-west vineyard orientation?
Clos de Tart, Clos de Lambrays, La Romanee
What’s the minimum plant density and spacing between vines in Burgundy villages AOPs?
No fewer than 9000plants per hectare and 1 X 1 m spacing between vines
What’s the min density and spacing between rows in Chablis?
5500 plants per h and spacing of 1.5 and 1.65m
However modern vineyards are planted at higher densities
What’s the min planting per hectare in Beaujolais Cru?
6K, However many producers have 8k to 12k vines .
From 2004 the space between vines has increased
Which GC vineyard first appeared as a GC in 630?
Chambertin-Clos de Bèze
Which was the 1st Biodynamic estate in Côte d’Or and which are some notably ones?
Domaine Jean-Claude Rateau in 1979
Notably Domaine Leroy, DRC, Leflaive, V Dauvissat, Comtes Lafon, Comte Armand
What are the viticultural challenges in Burgundy?
Powdery and Downy Mildew
Eutypa Dieback, Esca, Grey Rot
Court-Noué (Fan leaf virus)
Which vintages are blaming ladybugs for off flavours to wine in Burgundy?
2004 2011
L secret Pyrazines as Pheromones
What is Court-Noué ?
Grapevine Fan leaf virus spread by soil nematodes
What is Flavescence Dorée?
A bacteria spread by leafhoppers.
Growth slowed , berries shrivel, leaves turn yellow, vine may die. There’s no cure
It appeared in Burgundy in 2004
Which Biodynamic producer publicly refused to spray chemicals on his vines due to a large grasshopper population?
Emmanuel Giboulot in Côte de Beaune
Which are the main climate viticultural challenges in Burgundy?
Frost and Hail
What are the Chaufferettes?
Diesel burning pots, designed to heat the vines at night. First appeared in Chablis in 1960s
What is Couloure and Millerandage ?
Couloure is an uneven flowering pollination
Millerandage is uneven fruit set (Uneven Berries)
What is Prevignage?
Replanting with cuttings
Name the two categories of PN that got selected for replanting in Burgundy in the 1960s
Pinot Droin-> highly yielding, upright growing vine
Pinot Fin-> lower-yielding delivery concentrated juice
Pd was the most popular at the time
Where the Dijon clone originated from?
From cuttings od Domaine Ponsot, Clos de La Roche
What is cold maceration?
(cold soak)
Happens prior fermentation.
Red grapes are crushed and kept on their skins for days (10 to 14 degrees)
w sulfur addition to prevent fermentation while extracting colour .
This produces less astringent tannins and enhance fruit aromatic in wines
What’s the difference between Carbonic and Semi-Carbonic Maceration?
Carbonic Happens in seal vats. CO2 is added
Semi-Carbonic: In open Vat. Whole clusters at the bottom of the vat will get crushed by the weight of the one above and they will begin fermenting releasing CO2 that will blanket the clusters above.
At which abv % the intracellular activity will cease in carbonic maceration?
2%
Name 2 high profile practitioners of whole clusters fermentation in Burgundy?
DRC and Dujac
It’s Chaptalisation, Subtractive must enrichment or acidification illegal in Burgundy?
No, they all are legal.
However it is illegal to chaptalise and acidify the same wine
What is “subtractive must enrichement”?
An Illegal technique before 2009.
It allows producers to remove water from the must up to 10%
What is Premox?
Premature Oxidation
What’s the most popular local tonnellerie used in Burgundy?
François Frère based in Saint Roman
What’s the size of a Feuillettes?
132 L
In which AOP in Burgundy Melon de Bourgogne is allowed as a main variety?
Coteaux Bourguignons AOP
What’s the max percentage of PG in Bourgogne AOP?
PG max 30% in white
Main variety in Rose’
What’s the minimum percentage of Gamay in Bourgogne AOP Gamy?
min 85%
Gamay from Beaujolais cru
Bourgogne AOP commune sub zones: which colours are allowed?
Chitry W R R Coulange La Vineuse W R R épineuil R R Tonnère W All in Yonne
Bourgogne AOP Cote d’Or allow Rose?
No. Also Côte de Couchois doesn’t allow it.
What style is allowed in Côte de Couchois sub zone for Bourgogne AOP?
Red only. (10 Hectares only)
Does Bourgogne Passe-Tout-Grains AOP allows white?
No, Red and Rose only
Pn (min 30%) and Gamay (min 15%) + accessory CH PB PG co vinified
What’s the maximum allowed percentage of Gamay in Cremant de Bourgogne AOP?
20%
In Grand Eminent only if Rose
Where is Cote Saint-Jacques?
Joigny (Yonne)
Where is La Chapelle Notre Dame?
Ladoix-Serrigny
Where is Le Chapitre?
Chenove (between Marsannay and Dijon)
Where is Montrecul?
Dijon
What communes may append their names to Bourgogne AOP, and what styles do they produce? Where are they?
Southeast of Chablis, Blanc, rouge, et rosé for both
Chitry
Coulanges-le-Vineuse
Northeast of Chablis
Epineuil (rouge and rosé only)
Tonnerre (Blanc only)
How long must Cremant de Bourgogne and Bourgogne Mousseux be aged before release?
9mos en tirage for both. Bourgogne Mousseux may be released immediately, whereas Cremant de Bourgogne cannot be released before 1 year from tirage
For what regional appellation is hand-harvesting mandatory?
Crémant de Bourgogne
What are the requirements for Cote de Beaune-Villages wines?
Red only. Sourced from anywhere in the Cote de Beaune but Pommard, Volnay, Aloxe-Corton, and Beaune.
Which three communal appellations in the Cote d’Or have no premier crus?
Marsannay Chorey-les-Beaune
Saint-Romain
What is délestage?
“Racking and returning” - pumping the fermenting wine out of the tank and pouring it back over the cap
What is égrappage?
De-stemming
Who founded La Paulée de Meursault?
Comte Jules Lafon, grandfather of Dominique Lafon
Communes of Maranges
Cheilly-lès-Maranges Dezize-lès-Maranges
Sampigny-lès-Maranges
What law was passed in 1919?
The original Appellation d’Origine law, formally defining appellations.
What is égrappage?
De-stemming
What is colluvium?
A mix of bedrock and soils slipped from upslope (the makeup of most of the Côte d’Or, or at least the 1er and Grand Cru sites).
The RN74 is now known as what?
D974
What were the worst years in burgundy in the 1980s?
1988 and 1987 (cold), 1986 were all tricky
What were the best years in the 1980s in Burgundy?
1989 and 1985
Name three monopole vineyards in Volnay and their owners?
Clos de la Barre- Jadot
Clos du Chateau des Ducs- Lefarge
Clos des Ducs- Marquis d’Angerville
Clos de la Cave des Ducs- Benjamin Leroux
Grand Cru Chablis is what percentage minimum alcohol? And how does this compare to the Grand Crus of the Côte d’Or?
Grand Cru Chablis is 11% alcohol (1er cru 10.5, Village 10, and Petite is 9.5%)
Cote d’Or Grand Crus for red are all 11.5%. Whites are generally all 12% EXCEPT for Criots, Bienvennue and Batard-Montrachet which are 11.5%
Which recent vintage has been affected by Oidium and mildew in Burgundy?
2008
How many GC in Burgundy?
33
7 white, 2 both, 24 reds
