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zRubbab Philosophy and Ethics > Business Ethics (2) > Flashcards

Business Ethics (2) Flashcards

1
Q

What is Whistle-blowing?

A
  • When a member of an organisation reports misconduct by a superior or co-worker
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2
Q

Why might people not Whistle-blow?

A
  • Brought up to not ‘tell tales’
  • Reap rewards og social misconduct, e.g Lance Armstrongs team and the cyclists
  • Loyalty to the organisation/team, e.g cricket
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3
Q

Is loyalty a virtue in the case of Whistle-blowing?

A
  • Companies often treat loyalty as a virtue, an army without loyalty is a rabble
  • Loyalty matters for building trust, good relationships are social glue for organisations
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4
Q

What is the assumption made in employee and employer contracts that make it harder to whistle blow?

A
  • Contract sets out duties and responsibilities that both parties have to each other, e.g rates of pay, holidays etc
  • There are many implications, e.g do not steal, do not turn up to work dunk and this is not written but enough to terminate your employment
  • The same assumption is made that you will behave with honesty and truthfulness
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5
Q

What is the Kantian view on Whistle-blowing?

A
  • We must do our duty, this could include loyalty
  • However we must consider wider loyalties
  • We would not wish to universalise that everyone covers up their corruption
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6
Q

What is the Utilitarian view on Whistle-blowing?

A
  • Would covering up lead to a greater good?

- Who decides this, how can we know who is truly benefitted?

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7
Q

What is the issue of duty in Whistle-blowing?

A
  • Is my duty to a contractually enforced employer or organisation or ALL the stakeholders?
  • Is there a higher duty good, even if it serves a bad purpose, e.g SS were loyal to Nazism
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8
Q

What is ‘group think’ and why does it make Whistle-blowing harder?

A
  • Hannah Ardent pointed out how in totalitarian countries individuals think they can make no difference
  • They do their own work and not focus on the evil around them
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9
Q

What is the Case Study of Enron (1999)?

A
  • Collapsed due to financial misconduct and 100’s were involved in fraud
  • People were brought in to pretend working hard
  • Arthur Anderson was punished for covering up and destroying audit forms
  • This entire thing happened as corporate culture and money makes it hard to speak out
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10
Q

What is the Case of Jimmy Saville and Whistle-blowing?

A
  • Committed sexual and child abuse even at the BBC

- People were discouraged from reporting what happened as the fame of those involved can prevent Whistle-blowing

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11
Q

What is the case of match-fixing in cricket show about good business?

A
  • Cricket clubs have been caught match fixing in the past
  • Being beaten honestly and beaten through cheating are two different things
  • Sports people depend on honesty
  • I do not mind if my team loses, but if they had no chance in the first place then the loss is even worse
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12
Q

How can match-fixing affect cricket?

A

If I think all matches are fixed:

  • I would not pay
  • Income would stop for layers
  • Sponsors would stop
  • Honest players reputations would be tarnished
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13
Q

How are the public stakeholders when considering the Brazilian World Cup and Olympics?

A
  • 2014 World Cup and 2016 Olympics were prestigious events
  • Money gained could have been used for social assistance
  • Instead Charity ‘Terre Des Hommes’ revealed 170,000 people lost homes
  • They were rehomed to places with no electricity and water
  • Shows how public are stakeholders to business action
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14
Q

Why might business act ethically and not exercise hypocritical window dressing?

A
  • Companies may be able to charge higher prices by acting ethically
  • Honestly in dealings allows for benefits, e.g supplier credit
  • A stable and reliable workforce who take pride in their work knowing they are treated well
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15
Q

What sways people to buy things from non-ethical businesses?

A

Cheap prices:

  • Primark use poor working conditions
  • Sports Direct pay below minimum wage
  • Shein use child labour
  • Nike has been accused of child labour
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16
Q

What is the issue of hypocritical window dressing?

A

The question of whether a business is acting ethically for its own sake or just for good business and more profits?

17
Q

What is Globalisation?

A

Creation of a connected world through communication, transport links etc has allowed for business to expand on a global scale

18
Q

Who were the Phoenicians and what was their early contribution to globalisation?

A
  • They were great merchants who traded overseas

- They were still limited by the amount of gold they could carry, bandits and robbers and perishability of the products

19
Q

Who invented double book keeping and how did this contribute to globalisation?

A
  • Invented by Muslims in the middle age
  • Allowed money to be withdrawn at other banks, e.g Fuggers and Medici banks were now international
  • Banks were now global powers leading to ruling powers as a source of capital and loans
20
Q

What are problems with countries having different laws in relation to globalisation?

A
  • Can lead to exploitation
  • In 1920’s companies registered ships belonging to Liberia, Panama and Mongolia as the laws were looser due to them being land locked countries
21
Q

What are some issues with globalisation?

A
  • Global stock market altercation affects everyone
  • Companies are bigger than suppliers and can take advantage of them
  • Cultural affects on locals with deforestation and indigenous people having to change their ways
22
Q

What does Pope St John XXIII’s encyclical ‘Mater et Magister’ say about globalisation? (Quote)

A
  • “impossible for wealthy nations to look with indifference upon… misery and poverty of other nations”
  • “introducing a new form of colonialism”
  • identified the issue of solidarity and Neo-clonialism
23
Q

What is Neo-colonialism?

A

the use of economic, political, cultural, or other pressures to control or influence other countries, especially former dependencies.
- Can be through providing aid or just pure take over of another nation

24
Q

What is Economic Neo-colonialism?

A
  • Global companies can become richer than other nation, an economic weapon that can allow them to colonise
25
Q

What is the main issue with Economic Neo-colonialism?

A
  • Whether companies use natural resources different nations provide for their own good or for the collective good of the nation in question
  • NOTE shareholders usually aware of the ethical issues behind some of the things companies involve themselves in and seek an ethical solution
26
Q

How would Kantian Ethics apply to globalisation?

A
  • Only acting for the good of your own nation is treating people as means not ends
  • You cannot universalise exploiting every nation
  • Exploitation shows no good will, no good will to others either
27
Q

How does Classical Utilitarianism apply to globalisation?

A
  • A lack of natural rights can be argued to allow for exploitation
  • “Greatest good for the greatest number” can arguably allow for a small number of workers to be exploited for majority good of stakeholders
28
Q

How does Peter Singers Preference Utilitarianism apply to globalisation?

A
  • Emphases the ability to suffer as a crucial factor
  • Poor person in a developing country has the same capacity to suffer as me
  • Therefore I cannot have a privilege of making him suffer for my pleasure of profit and cheap goods
  • I am not of more value than said person
29
Q

Who is passionate about the environment ?

A
  • Peter Singer displayed great need for environmental sustainability
  • Popes, e.g Pope Francis were also concerned
30
Q

What did Pope Francis’ ‘Laudato Si’ encyclical say about the environment? (Quote)

A

“natural environment is a collective good”

  • Speaks of how New Zealands bishops ask what “Thou Shalt not Kill” means when 20% of the world consumes resources straining future generations

zRubbab Philosophy and Ethics (35 decks)

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