Buzzwords Flashcards by Adam Iqbal

“Stuck on” appearance?

Basal cell papilloma

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Picket fence pearly border?

Basal cell carcinoma

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Dermatitis herpetiformis?

Coeliac disease

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Erythema nodosum?

Commonly sarcoidosis, also Ulcerative Colitis and TB.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

“Erythematous Bullseye lesion” (Erythema migrans)?

Lyme disease

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Ash Leaf Spots/Shagreen patches?

Tuberous sclerosis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Honey covered crust?

Impetigo (caused by staph or group A haemolytic strep)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Café au lait spots?

Neurofibromatosis type 1 or 2

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Silver scales, extensor surfaces i.e. elbows and knees?

Psoriasis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Cauliflower appearance?

Plantar warts

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Kaposi’s sarcoma?

HIV, immunosuppressed (transplant)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Intense erythema on cheeks (and proximals limbs) of child?

Slapped cheek (caused by [erythrovirus] Parvovirus B19)

Also known as erythema infectiosum or “fifth” disease.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Small, umbilicated, translucent papules that look fluid-filled but are solid?

molluscum contagiosum

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Flaccid blisters than can be burst easily to form erythematous erosions?

Pemphigus Vulgaris - desmosomes (caused by antibodies directed against both desmoglein 1 and desmoglein 3)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Large tense bullae that are itchy and cannot be burst?

Bullous Pemphigoid - hemidesmosomes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Pepper pot skull/lytic lesions?

Myeloma

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Apple green birefringence with congo red staining on histology?

Amyloid deposition of biopsied tissue in Myeloma and Al amyloidosis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Reed-sternberg cells?

Hodgkin’s lymphoma

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Philadelphia chromosome (translocation of chromosome 9 and 22)?

CML (chronic myeloid leukaemia)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Atypical lymphocytes?

EBV (mononucleosus)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Auer rods?

AML (acute myeloid leukaemia)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Bence jones proteins present in urine?

Multiple myeloma

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

“itchy after hot bath” - aquagenic pruritis?

Polycythemia vera

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Translocation of chromosomes 8 and 14?

Burkitt’s lymphoma (specific type of non-hodgkin’s lymphoma).

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Alcohol consumption produces painful lymph nodes?

Hodgkin's lymphoma

Haemarthrosis (bleeding into joint spaces)?

Haemophilia

Young boy with reduced levels of factor VIII and an increased APTT?

Haemophilia A

Reduced levels of factor IX with Christmas Disease?

Haemophilia B (aka Christmas disease)

Schillings Test indicates a deficiency of what vitamin?

Vitamin B12

What are smudge cell mainly found in?

CLL (chronic lymphocytic leukaemia)

JAK-2 mutations are common in what?

Essential thrombocythemia and polycythemia vera

Bite cells, blister cells and Heinz bodies indicate _____?

G6PD deficiency excaerbated by certain factors i.e. drugs (colchicine) and foods (fava beans).

Patient has fever and pleuritic chest pain that is relieved by sitting up and leaning forward?

Pericarditis

Irregularly irregular pulse/no clear P waves?

Atrial fibrillation

Raised JVP/hepatojugular reflux indicates?

Right side heart failure

Saddle shaped ST elevation?

Pericarditis

Broad QRS with slurred upstroke on R wave (delta wave)

Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome

Tall, tented T waves and wide QRS complexes?

Hyperkalaemia

4 components of Tetralogy of Fallot?

Pulmonary stenosis Ventricular septal defect Overriding aorta Right ventricular hypertrophy.

Presence of collapsing pulse (hammering pulse when arm is elevated and pulse checked)?

Aortic regurgitation

Alveolar bat’s wings, Kerley B lines, cardiomegaly, dilated prominent upper lobe vessels Pleural effusion.

Pulmonary oedema

Ground-glass appearance on X-ray

Pulmonary fibrosis

Ziehl-Neelsen stain positive for acid fast bacilli and Caseous necrosis

TB (tuberculosis)

Dry cough and diarrhoea after holiday abroad? What test should be done for this?

Legionella pneumophila (test urine for antigens)

Acute management of asthma (mnemonic OSHITMAN)?

Oxygen 100% through a non-rebreather mask Salbutamol Nebulised back-to-back. Hydrocortisone IV or Prednisolone PO Ipratropium Bromide Nebulised hourly Theophylline IV or aminophylline IV Magnesium and call an Anaesthetist

Thumbprint sign on x ray. Child drooling and sitting forward.

Epiglottitis

Gingivectomy/Biting on own gums medication side-effect?

Side effect of Calcium Channel Blockers or phenytoin

Causes of acute pancreatitis (GET SMASHED)?

Gallstones Ethanol Trauma Steroids Mumps Autoimmune Scorpion bites/stings Hyperlipidaemia + hyperthermia + hypercalcaemia ERCP Drugs

Catecholamines in the urine, headaches, hypertension and palpitations?

Pheochromocytoma

Tanned skin without being on holiday?

Addison's

Increased shoe size, ‘spade hands’, wedding ring too tight?

Acromegaly

Moon face, proximal weakness, stretch marks, buffalo hump, abdominal fat?

Cushing's

Ketones on breath (sweet smelling/pear drop breath)?

DKA

"Orphan Annie” Nuclei?

Papillary thyroid cancer

Bone pain, stones, abdo pain, psychiatric problems (bones, stones, groans, moans)?

Hypercalcaemia (hyperparathyroidism)

Psammoma bodies?

Found in papillary thyroid cancers

Heat intolerance/palpitations

Hyperthyroidism

Cold intolerance/weight gain

Hypothyroidism

Anosmia (loss of smell) and isolated GnRH deficiency?

Kallmann's syndrome

Pencil-in-cup X-ray appearance, sausage fingers?

Psoriatic arthritis

Wrist Drop

Radial nerve palsy

Foot Drop

Common peroneal nerve palsy

Arthritis + Uveitis + Urethritis (can’t see, can’t pee, can’t climb a tree)

Reactive arthritis

Fractured shaft of humerus

damaged radial nerve

Fractured neck of humerus

damaged axillary nerve

Numbness over sergeants patch

axillary nerve palsy

Hanging rope sign?

AVN (avascular necrosis)

Shortened leg and externally rotated

Displaced fracture neck of femur

Shortened leg and internally rotated

Dislocated femoral head

“Onion-peel” sign?

Ewing sarcoma

“Sunray” spiculation?

Osteosarcoma

“Popcorn calcification” on X Ray?

Chondrosarcoma

“Soap bubble” appearance on X Ray?

Giant cell tumour (benign)

‘Cannon balls’

Renal metastases on CXR

“Loin to groin pain”

Renal colic

What is involved in sepsis 6 (mnemonic: BUFALO)?

B Blood cultures / any other relevant cultures eg stool U Urine output measurement F IV Fluids A Antibiotics L LDH and FBC O high flow O2

Bones of the hand?

Start from thumb (i.e. laterally in anatomical position), bottom line Scaphoid Lunate Triquetrum Pisiform Back to thumb, top line Trapezium Trapezoid Capitate Hamate

Layers of the adrenal cortex layer and their secretions?

"Go Find Rex, Make Good Sex" Zona glomerulus = mineralocorticoids Zona fasciculata = glucocorticoids Zona reticularis = sex hormones

What are the 4 H's and 4 T's for reversible causes of cardiac arrest?

Hypovolaemia Hypothermia Hyperkalaemia/hypokalaemia Hypoxia Tamponade Tension pneumothorax Thromboembolism Toxin

What are the layers of the skin epidermis?

"Keep Grannies Proud Buy Dentures" Keratin layer Granular layer Prickle cell layer Basal layer Dermis

6P's of acute limb ischaemia?

Paraesthesia Painful Pulselessness Pale Perishingly cold