How do emulsifiers work
Hydrophilic end binds with water
Hydrophobic end binds with oil
What happens to protein molecules when you heat them?
They denature
Why are potatoes easier to digest when cooked?
The cells wall rupture
Starch grains swell and spread out
Gets rid of rigid wall of cellulose
What is the equation for thermal decomposition and and example of I
Sodiumhyrdocarbonate -> sodium carbonate + carbon dioxide + water
Baking powder when heated makes cake rise
Equation for a ester
Acid + alcohol -> ester + water
Name 5 properties perfumes need
Easily evaporate Non-toxic Doesn't react with water Non irritable Insoluble in water
Paint contains……..(3)
Solvent
Binding medium
Pigment
What does the solvent do?
Thins paint, makes it easier to spread
What does the pigment do?
Gives paint it’s colour
What does the binding medium do
Holds pigments together and sticks them to the surface you’ve painted
What are paints
Colloids
Properties of water based paints
Ideal for inside walls
Fast drying
No harmful fumes
Properties of oil based paints
Gloss paint
Dries in 2 stages
Ideal for outside doors
What are thermochromic paints
Change colour when heated or become transparent
What are phosphorescent pigments
Glow in the dark
Absorb natural/artificial light and store energy
What is polymerisation
Lots of small monomers joining together to form polymers
What is addition polymerisation
Monomers that have a double covalent bond open their double bonds and join together to make polymer chains
What are unsaturated compounds
Molecules with at least one double covalent bond
What are saturated molecules
Molecules with no double covalent bonds
What do hydrocarbons contain?
Carbon and hydrogen atoms ONLY
What is the formula for alliances
CnH2n+2
What is the formula for alleges
CnH2n
Equation for incomplete combustion
CnHn + O2 -> CO2 + C + CO + H2O
Equation for complete combustion
CnHn + O2 -> CO2 + H2O
Equation for cracking
Long hydrocarbon -> shorter Alkane + Alkene
Conditions needed for cracking?
High temperature and a catalyst
What use is cracking?
Petrol, diesel, polymers
What are emulsifiers
Additives that make oil and water mix
What causes acid rain and what does it lead to
Sulphur dioxide and oxides of nitrogens
Kills fish trees and statues