C1 - Principles of Chemistry

Question 1

Describe Diffusion and Dilution

Answer 1

DILUTION – colored solutions are diluted by adding water, because the particles of the color diffuse to the air of low concentration, mixing with the water molecules, causing dilution to occur

DIFFUSION - the process of particles moving from an area of high to low concentration

Question 2

Know what a solvent, solute etc.

Answer 2

Solute - Solid that dissolves in solvent
Solvent - Liquid which solute dissolves in
Solution - Mixture when solute dissolves in solvent
Saturated solution - A solution where to more solute can dissolve (sugar + cold water)
Solubility- The mass of solute needed to dissolve in 100g of a solvent in order to form a sat solution

Question 3

Element, Compound, Mixture

Answer 3

ELEMENT - a pure substance containing only one type of atom - cannot be split by chemical means
Example: Hydrogen, Oxygen, Carbon

COMPOUND - 2 or more elements chemically joined (Pure substance)
Example: Calcium Carbonate OR cake

MIXTURE - two or more elements/compounds that are not chemically combined - impure (contains dif substances)

Example: Sand and Water, Oil and Water

Question 4

Pure Substance

Answer 4

Contains only one type of material (1 element or compound)

Have a fixed boiling point, should not boil over a range of temp

Question 5

Separation Technique

Answer 5

Filtration - to separate an insoluble solute from solvent
EG. sand and water

Simple distillation - separate liquids of different boiling points (ethanol + water)

Fractional distillation - separate liquids with multiple BP (crude oil)

Question 6

Chromatography

Answer 6

Filter paper - ref line draw dots along it
Draw in pencil so it does not disrupt chromatogram
Whatever goes the furthest has the highest solubility.