C1.2 Cell respiration

Question 1

What is ATP?

Answer 1

A universal source of energy

Question 2

What is respiration?

Answer 2

The controlled release of energy

Question 3

What is the main difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

Answer 3

Aerobic - takes place in mitochondria, with oxygen
Anaerobic - takes place in the cytoplasm, without oxygen

Question 4

What are the uses for ATP?

Answer 4

1. Synthesising DNA, proteins
2. Pump molecules OR ions across a membrane
3. Move things around cells

Question 5

What happens after ATP is used?

Answer 5

1. ATP used
2. Energy released & dissipate as heat
3. Recharged via cell respiration
   (cells need a continuous supply of ATP)

Question 6

What is phosphorylation?

Answer 6

The process of adding a phosphate to a molecule, can be used to activate a molecule to be more reactive

Question 7

The hydrolysis of ATP creates…

Answer 7

ADP + Pi releases energy (exothermic)

Question 8

What does an ATP molecule have?

Answer 8

1 ribose
1 adenine
3 phosphate molecules

Question 9

List 3 uses of ATP in living organisms

Answer 9

Synthesisng DNA
Muscle contraction
Active transport

Question 10

What does respiration process do?

Answer 10

Creates energy which is used to reform ATP from ADP

Question 11

What is the ATP yield of aerobic respiration?

Answer 11

roughly 36

Question 12

What is the ATP yield of anaerobic respiration?

Answer 12

2

Question 13

What is the waste product of aerobic respiration?

Answer 13

Water
Carbon dioxide

Question 14

What is the waste product of anaerobic respiration?

Answer 14

Lactic acid/ lactate

Question 15

How much ATP does anaerobic respiration use?

Answer 15

2

Question 16

What can be used as substates in aerobic respiration?

Answer 16

Glucose
Fats
Proteins

Question 17

What can be used as a substrate in anaerobic respiration?

Answer 17

Glucose ONLY

Question 18

List the factors that can affect the rate of respiration

Answer 18

• temperature
• pH
• respiratory substrate concentration
• oxygen concentration

Question 19

What is used to measure respiration?

Answer 19

Respirometer (for aerobic)

Question 20

How do you measure the rate of respiration in a respirometer?

Answer 20

Rate of oxygen consumption

Question 21

Explain the steps to conduct an experiment with a respirometer

Answer 21

1. Organism is placed in a closed system
2. Alkaline solution is added to absorb carbon dioxide
3. There will be a decrease in volume of gas in the tube (oxygen used)

Question 22

How to calculate rate

Answer 22

Volume of gas / time taken