Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Nursing Pharmacology > C8- Central Nervous System Medications > Flashcards

C8- Central Nervous System Medications Flashcards

(49 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What are some positive symptoms of schizophrenia?

A

hallucinations
paranoia
delusions
speech abnormalities
affective problems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Mania is defined as?

A

associated with bipolar periods of extreme over activity and excitement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Narcolepsy is defined as?

A

Daytime sleepiness and sudden periods of loss of wakefulness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Typical antipsychotic (first generation) prototype name?

A

Haloperidol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Haloperidol typical antipsychotic action?

A

block dopamine receptors in the brain
-suppress symptoms of psychosis
lipid soluble highly protein bound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the therapeutic of using haloperidol typical antipsychotic?

A

Schizophrenia (onset 1-2 days, therapeutic 2-4 weeks)
Bipolar mania suppression
Prevention of emesis (low dose)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are antipsychotic adverse effects?

A

extrapyramidal syndrome
neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) ** MEDICAL EMERGENCY **
Sexual dysfunction
Seizures
Dermatologic effects
Agranulocytosis
Severe dysrhythmias
Anticholinergic effects
Orthostatic hypotension
Sedation
Neuroendocrine effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Extrapyramidal syndrome symptoms include?

A

Tardive Dyskinesia (jerky irregular movements)
Akathisia (motor restlessness)
Dystonia (continuous spasms and contractions)
Parkinson’s like movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Typical Antipsychotic drug interactions?

A

Anticholinergic drugs (intensify anticholinergic effects)
CNS depressants (including alcohol) (intensified CNS Depression)
Levodopa and direct dopamine receptor agonist (counteract antipsychotic effect)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Atypical antipsychotic prototype drug name?

A

Risperidone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Atypical antipsychotic risperidone uses?

A

Schizophrenia
BPD
Levodopa induced psychosis
Irritability from autistic disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Atypical antipsychotic risperidone action?

A

blocks SEROTONIN & DOPAMINE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Adverse effects of atypical antipsychotic risperidone?

A

weight gain
diabetes
seizures
low risk of EPS
low anticholinergic effets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are depot antipschotics?

A

used for long term maintenence therapy (injectable)
may be court ordered
first or second generation
ideal for clients with poor compliance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the drug prototype for mood stabilizers?

A

Lithium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is a pure manic episode?

A

Euphoric Mania

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is a hypomanic episode

A

hypomania

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is major depressive episode

A

depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are mixed episodes?

A

patients experience symptoms of mania and depression simultaneously
this combination puts them at high risk for suicide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the kinetics of Lithium?

Study These Flashcards
A

absorbed rapidly through GI (water soluble)
not metabolized
excreted unchanged
short half life and high toxicity require divided daily doses (3-4/day)

21
Q

Lithium action is unknown, what are the known dynamics of lithium?

Study These Flashcards
A

Increase NE & 5HT reuptake
reduce release of NE
inhibit action of NE

22
Q

Lithium is what pregnancy category?

23
Q

Side effects of lithium include?

Study These Flashcards
A

diabetes insipidus
hypothyroidism
tremors
seizures
heart block

24
Q

What happens to the body in the presence of low sodium when taking lithium?

Study These Flashcards
A

Can accumulate to toxic levels

low sodium = reduced lithium excretion

25
Lithium drug interations
Increased by low sodium loop and thiazide diuretics - use caution NSAIDS anticholinergic drugs - dehydration causes lithium retention antihistamines TCA phenothiazine antipschotics
26
Long term use of lithium can lead to _______ dysfunction?
thyroid dysfunction (hypo)
27
Therapeutic levels of lithium are?
0.5-1.5 mEq/L
28
What should a nurse monitor in a patient using lithium?
Regular lithium levels sodium levels renal and liver function tests suicidal ideation and neuro status glucose level in pt with diabetes
29
What should a nurse do if toxic lithium levels appear?
withhold one dose and notify prescriber
30
When should lithium be taken?
with meals
31
Lithium may cause excessive thirst, what should the nurse advise to the patient about this?
patient should maintain normal diet fluid intake of 2000-3000 m during the dose stabilization period ad 1500ml afterward expect transient thirst advise patient to report continued thirst and dilute urine to provider
32
What are the toxic levels of lithium?
>2.0mEq/L
33
What is parkinsons disease?
chronic progressive neurologic disorder that affects the extrapyramidal motor tract responsible for controlling posture, balance, and locomotion.
34
What is pseudoparkinsonism
Occurs as an adverse reaction to various drugs, carbon monoxide, manganese, or disorders. combination of similar symptoms; rigidity, bradykinesia, gait disturbances, and tremors
35
What causes parkinson's?
Low dopamine -creates an imbalance of dopamine and acetylcholine
36
Parkinson's disease treatment?
symptomatic relief dopaminergics - dopamine cannot cross blood brain barrier anticholinergics
37
Anti-parkinson's medications
Levodopa-Carbidopa
38
What does levodopa do?
crosses BBB and is converted to dopamine in the brain tissue *** CANNOT BE USED ALONE ***
39
What does Carbidopa do?
*** CANNOT BE USED ALONE *** in combination with levodopa, allows more levodopa to cross BBB more effectively with lower dosages. Carbidopa prevets peripheral/intestinal breakdown of levodopa to reach the brain.
40
How does a provider dose Levodopa-Carbidopa?
Variable depending on severity short duration of action (on-off phenomenon) -extended release capsules decrease "off" frequency dosing changes as disease progresses
41
What are levodopa side effects?
Nausea (administer with food) Othrostatic hypotension (teach precautions) psychosis (teach symptoms to report) discoloration of urine and sweat
42
Interactions of levodopa include?
MAOI Vitamin B6 (reverses levodopa effects) Antipsychotics Benzodiazepines
43
What are the three common generalized seizure types?
Tonic Clonic (grand mal) Absence (petit mal) Common partial seizure
44
What happens in a tonic clonic seizure?
unconsciousness, convulsions, muscle rigidity (usually involve both hemispheres of brain)
45
What happens in an absence seizure?
brief loss of consciousnes
46
What is the target goal for antiepileptic drugs?
stabilize nerve cell membrane. suppress abnormal electric impulses in cerebral cortex
47
Antiepileptic drugs action
suppress sodium influx suppress calcium influx enhance action of GABA promote GABA release
48
Hydantoin
Phenytoin
49
Hydantoin/Phenytoin therapeutic range
10-20 mcg/ml

Nursing Pharmacology (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions