C8: Review Questions

Question 1

The total radiation dose given to a somatic or genetic cell and the period of time in which that dose was delivered determine the rate of production of:

Answer 1

chromosome aberrations

Question 2

Acute radiation syndrome presents in four major response stages. In what order do these stages occur?

Answer 2

prodromal, latent period, manifest illness, recovery or death

Question 3

Which of the following systems is the most radiosensitive vital organ system in human beings?

Answer 3

hematopoietic

Question 4

When cells are exposed to sub-lethal doses of ionizing radiation, approximately _____ of radiation-induced damage may be required over time and about _____ is irreparable.

Answer 4

90%, 10%

Question 5

As radiation dose increases, the severity of early tissue reactions:

Answer 5

also increases

Question 6

Prolonged exposure to x-rays in the diagnostic energy range results in high radiation dose to the skin while underlying tissues receive:

Answer 6

a substantially less dose

Question 7

In 1898 after personally developing burns attributed to radiation exposure, this Boston dentist began investigating the hazards of radiation exposure and become the first advocate of radiation protection. Who is this person?

Answer 7

William Herbert Rollins

Question 8

In the female, the ovarian stem cells:

Answer 8

multiply to millions of cells only during fetal development, before birth, and then steadily decline in number throughout life

Question 9

Which of the following types of cells develop from single precursor cell, the pluripotential stem cell?
1. lymphocytes and granulocytes
2. thrombocytes and erythrocytes
3. platelets

Answer 9

1, 2, and 3

Question 10

With regard to radiation exposure, which part of the gastrointestinal tract is most severely affected?

Answer 10

small intestine