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Flashcards in CA Deck (32)
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1
Q

metabolic encephalopathy causes pupils to be ______ but still reactive to light

A

small

2
Q

a hemorrhage may cause pupils to be _____ with minimal reaction to light

A

pinpoint

3
Q

pupils that are midposition and fixed to light suggest?

A

structural damage in the brain

4
Q

in severe anoxia (eg cardiac arrest), pupils will be ________

A

fixed and dilated

5
Q

if pupils are bilaterally large and reactive, it is probably due to?

A

drugs

6
Q

one large pupil is most commonly seen in?

A

diabetics with CN III infarction

7
Q

this sign is + if you flex the neck and the hip and knees flex also

A

brudzinski’s sign

8
Q

this sign is + if you flex the hip and knee, then straighten the knee, and it induces pain and resistance

A

kernig’s sign

9
Q

brudzinski’s sign and kernig’s sign test for ______

A

meningitis

10
Q

when you ask a patient to make a “stop” with their hands/wrists, you are testing _______

A

asterixis

11
Q

when testing asterixis, if patient cannot hold the “stop” with their hands, it indicates _______

A

metabolic encephalopathy

12
Q

Your patient enters the room and says he has been having issues with his right ear:
you do the webber test on him and he hears the noise (lateralization) in the AFFECTED right ear, what type of hearing loss is this?

now what if this same man with right ear issues hears the sound in the left ear (lateralization to normal ear)?

A

conductive hearing loss

second part of question: sensorineural hearing loss

13
Q

you give rinne and AC > BC. this indicates?

A

sensorineural hearing loss

14
Q

the biceps reflex is associated with what nerve?

A

C5 (and C6)

15
Q

the brachioradialis reflex is associated with what nerve

A

(C5 and) C6

16
Q

the triceps reflex is associated with what nerve

A

C7

17
Q

what nerve innervates your pinky

A

C8

18
Q

what nerve is associated with the patellar reflex

A

(L2, L3,) L4

19
Q

what nerve is associated with the plantar reflex

A

S1

20
Q

what does scapular winging indicate?

A

muscular dystrophy

damage to long thoracic nerve

21
Q

during the SLR, a positive test is when you raise one leg, and pain is felt in the (same/opposite) leg

A

same

22
Q

+ test if you stand with feet together, close your eyes for 30-60 seconds, and sway your body

A

romberg sign

23
Q

+ test if you stand with eyes closed, with hands palms up in front of you, and cannot maintain posture with resistance to your arms

A

pronator drift

24
Q

if DTRs are hyperactive (4+), you should test for _______

A

clonus

25
Q

how do you test for clonus

A

take foot, dorsiflex/plantar flex a few times, then rapidly dorsiflex

26
Q

what is a positive clonus test

A

rhythmic oscillations between dorsiflexion and plantar flexion

27
Q

what does a positive clonus test indicate

A

CNS disease

28
Q

what nerves are associated with the babinski response

A

L5, S1

29
Q

in a positive babinski test, the great toe (dorsiflexes/plantar flexes)

A

dorsiflexes

30
Q

a positive babinski test indicates ________

A

lesion in corticospinal tract
intoxication
post-ictal state

31
Q

the anal wink reflex (lol) is associated with nerves ____

A

S2, S3, S4

32
Q

bell’s palsy is different from a stroke how?

A

in bell’s palsy, the person cannot close the affected eye and cannot wrinkle the forehead of the affected side; in a stroke, they can