CAP test Flashcards by Shubham Agwan

A child with a non-blanching rash, headache, neck stiffness and a high blood pressure, what should you suspect

Meningitis –> septic shock

High BP due to hyperdynamic condition

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What kind of lens is needed to correct myopic vision and why

A concave lens

Because the light is focussed in front of the retina

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At what age is congenital deafness typically recognised

2 Years

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Before the age of 2 years, what is the commonest cause of congenital deafness

Congenital Cytomegalovirus in early pregnancy

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What hormone triggers ovulation

LH surge

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What can cause gradual vision loss in a patient with diabetes

Retinopathy

Cataract

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What can cause sudden vision loss in a patient with diabetes

Retinal haemorrhage

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What antibiotics can you give for persistent/severe sinusitis + 2nd line

Penicillin V

Doxycycline

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What antibiotics can you give for a sore throat + 2nd line

Penicillin V

Clarithromycin

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What antibiotic can you give for epiglottitis + if allergic

Ceftriaxone

Chloramphenicol

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Which antibody is highly diagnostic for SLE

Anti-dsDNA

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What supplies energy for the first 4 seconds, until 15 seconds, until 4 mins, until 77mins and over 4 days

ATP --> 4 seconds 
Phosphocreatinine --> 15 seconds 
Free glucose -->  4 mins 
Glycogen stores --> 77mins 
Fat stores --> 4+ days

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What are the possible causes of bile coloured, non-projectile vomit and what is the investigation

Malrotation or Volvulus

Abdominal X-ray

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What are the possible causes of projectile vomit from a hungry child and what is the investigation

Pyloric stenosis

Abdominal ultrasound will show a thickened pylorus

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What is the mandatory first step for a high energy open fracture

Debridement

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What is the management of a low impact, undisplaced distal radius fracture

Cast immobilisation for 5 weeks

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How can you differentiate between dermatitis herpetiformis and linear IgA disease

Dermatitis Herpetiformis will show granular IgA at the dermal papillae
Linear IgA will show linear IgA in the basement membrane

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What is a diagnostic blood test which can be done for a toddler with hypovolaemic shock and a non-blanching rash

Meningococcal PCR

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What test should be done before considering lumbar puncture in a child with suspected meningitis

Clotting screen to prevent an unnecessary risk of meningococcal septicaemia

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Which molecule is a precursor for T3 but not T4 and explain

DIT + MIT = T3

DIT + DIT = T4

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Which cranial nerve passes directly through the cavernous sinus

CN VI

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Pathology of the cavernous sinus is most likely to affect which cranial nerve and how will this present

CN VI

Convergent squint and reduced abduction

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Describe the afferent nerve pathway that causes pupillary constriction

Fibres of the oculomotor nerve pass from the Edinger-Westphal nucleus, via ciliary ganglion, to cause constriction

What should you think of upon seeing the absence of the pars interarticularis on X-ray

Stress fracture causing spondylolysis

What is the difference between spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis

Spondylolysis is a defect in the pars interarticularis of the vertebra Spondylolisthesis is the forward slippage on one vertebra on another

What is a burst fracture and how can it typically occur

Severe compression of a vertebral body | Tends to occur during very heavy loading of the axial spine

What should you suspect in a patient who has pain upon weight bearing following trauma which was treated conservatively

Secondary post-traumatic osteoarthritis

What investigation should be carried out for a patient with direct trauma to the nose which has caused obvious visual deformity

No investigation needed

What investigation can be carried out for someone with recurrent sinusitis

CT scan of sinuses

If an infant presents with a harsh sound on breathing and respiratory distress, what should you suspect and what is the most common causative organism

Croup | Most commonly para-influenzae virus

When does menarche typically occur in females

2 years after the onset of puberty

An infant presents 24hrs after birth with jaundice, what should you think of

Haemolysis jaundice

An infant presents 4 days after birth with jaundice, what should you think of

Physiological jaundice

An infant presents with prolonged jaundice, what should you think of

Obstructive jaundice

Which nerve is at risk in surgical procedures involving the posterior triangle of the neck

Spinal accessory

Which nerve is at risk in surgical procedures involving the submandibular gland

Marginal mandibular nerve

Which nerve is at risk in surgical procedures involving the lower wisdom teeth

Inferior alveolar nerve

Which pathway leads to ketone body formation

Lipolysis

Which technique is typically used to look for a chromosomal imbalance

Array CGH

What is contained within thyroid follicles and which cells line the periphery

Colloid | Lined with follicular cells

Which branch of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve is involved with corneal sensation, and can be affected in herpes zoster ophthalmicus

Nasociliary nerve

What disease is suggested by exclamation mark hairs

Alopecia Areata

How can you differentiate between a simple and a tension pneumothorax

Palpate the trachea

Which drug is used to prevent gout but can also cause gout and how does it work

Allopurinol | Xanthine oxidase inhibitor

How should traumatic anterior dislocation of the shoulder be managed

Closed reduction and sling immobilization for 4 weeks

Name 2 conditions that the oral combined pill can cause

Spider naevus | Erythema nodosum

Which asthma medication can cause exacerbation of acne

Oral steroids

What acuity is considered legally blind

6/60

How would you record the acuity of a patient that could only read the top letter on a Snellen chart

6/60 (Legally Blind)

What is the pathology behind neurogenic pruritis and give a few examples

Effect on CNS receptors | e.g Renal/Hepatic failure or malignancy

What is the commonest cause of renal failure in kids under 5

E. Coli O157

What investigation is done to check for E. Coli O157

Stool culture

What is the classic triad of symptoms which suggest fat embolism

Respiratory symptoms Neurological symptoms Petechial rash

What is causing the flexion of fingers in the 2nd (active contractile) stage of Dupuytren's contracture

Myofibroblasts in the lesion

What is the precursor to ACTH and what else can it produce and how is this relevant clinically

POMC can become ACTH or melanocyte-stimulating hormone - which is why Addison's patients have dark skin

Describe claw hand and which nerve is injured to cause it

Hyperextension of MCP joints and flexion of DIPJ & PIPJ | Caused by a lower ulnar nerve palsy