Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Year 6 - Surgery > Capsule: ENT > Flashcards

Capsule: ENT Flashcards

1
Q

Pt px w biting R inner cheek when closing mouth, R lower teeth numbness, R lower jaw pain

A
  • Examine oral cavity, oropharynx, mandible
  • Perform secondary survey for concurrent injuries
  • Assess for motor dysfunction + sensory disturbances
  • Referral to the maxillofacial surgical team
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Px of mandibular fracture (5)

A

Bite malalignment, trismus, pain+numbness along distribution of inf alveolar nerve, buccal haematoma, dental malocclusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Mx of mandibular fracture (2)

A

An orthopantomogram (OPG) and urgent referral to the maxillofacial surgical team

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are Le Fort fractures?

A

Fracture of the pterygoid plates resulting in the separation of all or a portion of the midface from the skull base

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The classification of Le Fort fractures

A

I - Horizontal
II - Pyramidal
III - Transverse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Px of zygomatic arch fracture

A

Cheek paraesthesia and interference of mandibular movements if it impinges upon the coronoid process of the mandible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Def of ulcer

A

A discontinuation in the epithelial surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Px of aphthous ulceration

A

Discrete ulcers of gingival mucosa characterised by a centralised white ulcer w erythematous halo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What size criteria characterises a major aphthous ulcer?

A

> 1cm Diameter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Ddx of aphthous ulceration

A

Herpes virus, smoking cessation, squamous cell carcinoma, Bechets syndrome, Crohn’s disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which factors make you suspicious of SCC?

A

Indurated, lateral aspect of the tongue, failure to resolve, long term smoking hx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Mx of aphthous ulceration

A

Simple oral analgesia and topical anaesthetics

Swab for HSV infection if suspected

Assess for pathological cervical lymphadenopathy

Consider 2w referral to maxillofacial department

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How do you stage primary oral cavity lesions?

A

MRI of the neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the path of the facial nerve?

A

Pons, 1cm internal acoustic meatus, 3cm facial canal, stylomastoid foramen, parotid gland where it divides into terminal motor branches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where is the internal acoustic meatus situated?

A

The petrous part of the temporal bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What segments is the facial canal divided into?

A

Labyrinthine, tympanic, mastoidal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the five terminal branches of the facial nerve?

A 
Temporal
Zygomatic
Buccal
Mandibular
Cervical
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does the facial nerve innervate?

A

Motor - facial muscles, posterior belly of the digastric, stylohyoid, stapedius

Sensory - small area around the concha of the auricle + anterior 2/3 of the tongue

Parasympathetic - lacrimal, mucous, salivary glands

19
Q

Which branch of the facial nerve innervates the anterior 2/3 of the tongue (foliate papillae) and salivary glands?

A

The chorda tympani

20
Q

Which nerve supplies the posterior 1/3 of the tongue (vallate papillae)?

A

The glossopharyngeal nerve

21
Q

Which branch of the facial nerve innervates the lacrimal and mucous glands?

A

The greater superficial petrosal nerve

22
Q

Which mucous glands does the facial nerve innervate?

A

Nasal, palatine, pharyngeal

23
Q

Which salivary glands does the chorda tympani innervate?

A

Sublingual + Submandibular

24
Q

Which nerve supplies the parotid gland?

A

The glossopharyngeal nerve

25
Q

The intracranial branches of the facial nerve

A

The greater petrosal, nerve to stapedius, chorda tympani

26
Q

Causes of intracranial lesion of facial nerve

A

Middle ear pathology such as tumour or infection

27
Q

Consequences of intracranial lesion of facial nerve

A

Ipsilateral reduced lacrimal fluid production, hyperacusis, loss of taste, reduced salivation, muscle weakness

28
Q

The extracranial branches of the facial nerve

A

The posterior auricular, nerves to digastric and stylohyoid, terminal motor branches

29
Q

Causes of extracranial lesion of facial nerve

A

Parotid gland pathology such as tumour, parotitis or surgery, herpes virus infection, compression during forceps delivery

30
Q

Consequences of extracranial lesion of facial nerve

A

Only motor function is affected

31
Q

How should you examine hemifacial paresis?

A

Otoscopy, palpation of parotid gland and neck, movement of facial muscles

32
Q

What are give away signs of hemifacial paresis?

A

Loss of frontal forehead and melolabial creases and ipsilateral conjunctivitis secondary to incomplete eye closure

33
Q

What’s the difference b/w UMN and LMN lesions?

A

UMN is forehead sparing

34
Q

Causes of UMN palsies

A

CVA, MS, SOL

35
Q

Causes of LMN palsies

A

Bell’s, Parotids, Heerfort’s

36
Q

What is Bell’s palsy?

A

Facial nerve palsy w no definitive cause

37
Q

What are the RFs of Bell’s palsy?

A

Diabetes, recent URTI, pregnancy

38
Q

What is the 80% anecdote regarding parotid tumours?

A

80% are benign and of these 80% are pleomorphic adenomas

39
Q

What are Warthin’s tumours?

A

Benign w no malignant potential that px as painless well circumscribed swelling involving the tail of the parotid gland

40
Q

What are mucoepidermoid carcinomas?

A

The most common parotid malignancy in adults which px w parotid mass and concurrent facial nerve palsies

41
Q

How do mucoepidermoid carcinomas spread?

A

The lymphatic system

42
Q

What is Heerfort’s syndrome?

A

A rare manifestation of sarcoidosis characterized by the presence of facial nerve palsy, parotid gland enlargement, anterior uveitis and low grade fever

43
Q

How can you localise the lesion in a 7th n palsy?

A

Plus: 6th - Pons or 5/8th - Cerebellopontine Angle

Year 6 - Surgery (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions