Carbohydrates

Question 1

What are the three structures carbohydrates exist in?

Answer 1

monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides

Question 2

What are monosaccharides?

Answer 2

small, simple sugars

Question 3

What are disaccharides?

Answer 3

when two monosaccharides join together

Question 4

What are polysaccharides?

Answer 4

long chain carbohydrates

Question 5

How many carbon atoms does glucose contain?

Answer 5

six so it is a hexose sugar

Question 6

What is the general formula of glucose?

Answer 6

C6H12O6

Question 7

What are the names of the two common isomers of glucose?

Answer 7

alpha and beta

Question 8

What is the name of the reaction between two monosaccharides to make a disaccharide?

Answer 8

a condensation reaction

Question 9

What molecule is lost when a condensation reaction occurs?

Answer 9

a molecule of water

Question 10

What bond is formed when a condensation reaction occurs between two monosaccharides?

Answer 10

a glycosidic bond

Question 11

What is maltose?

Answer 11

malt sugar

Question 12

What is sucrose?

Answer 12

table sugar

Question 13

What is lactose?

Answer 13

milk sugar

Question 14

What are the two monosaccharides that make up maltose?

Answer 14

two alpha glucose molecules

Question 15

What are the two monosaccharides that make up sucrose?

Answer 15

glucose and fructose

Question 16

What are the two monosaccharides that make up lactose?

Answer 16

galactose and glucose

Question 17

What are the two polysaccharides that make up starch?

Answer 17

amylose and amylopectin

Question 18

What monomer is amylose made up of?

Answer 18

alpha glucose

Question 19

What monomer is amylopectin made up of?

Answer 19

alpha glucose

Question 20

What monomer is glycogen made up of?

Answer 20

alpha glucose

Question 21

Is amylose branched?

Answer 21

no

Question 22

Is amylopectin branched?

Answer 22

yes ( ~ every 20 monomers)

Question 23

Is glycogen branched?

Answer 23

yes ( ~ every 10 monomers)

Question 24

Is amylose coiled/helical?

Answer 24

yes

Question 25

Is amylopectin coiled/helical?

Answer 25

no

Question 26

Is glycogen coiled/helical?

Answer 26

no

Question 27

Which glycosidic bonds are present in amylose?

Answer 27

1,4

Question 28

State the physical property of glucose that allows it to be easily transported in the bloodstream.

Answer 28

It is soluble

Question 29

Give three properties of cellulose that make it suitable as the basis of plant cell walls.

Answer 29

- Insoluble - Unreactive - High tensile strength - Flexible - Can form hydrogen bonds with neighbouring chains