CARBOHYDRATES

Question 1

carbohydrates are ???

+ 4 functions

Answer 1

polyhydroxylated aldehydes and ketones

1. energy source
2. part of structural framework
3. part of nucleic acids and some lipids and proteins
4. as units on cell surfaces for cell-cell recognition processes

Question 2

aldoses vs ketones?

+ major classification

Answer 2

aldoses: has aldehydes
ketones: has ketones

both under monosaccharides

Question 3

4 major classes of carbohydrates + differences

Answer 3

1. Monosaccharides (simple sugars)
   - single polyhydroxylated aldehyde or ketone unit
2. Disaccharides
   - consist of 2 monosaccharides linked together by glycosidic bond
3. Oligosaccharides
   - made of 3-10 monosaccharide units
4. ## Polysaccharidelong chains of monosaccharide units

Question 4

MONOSACCHARIDES
- general formula?
- simplest type( (2)

• 2 classifications?

Answer 4

(C-H2O)n

• 3 carbon atoms:
  1. Glyceraldehyde
  2. Dihydroxyacetone

Classified under:
1. Carbonyl Group
- aldose vs ketose
2. Number of C atoms
- trioses
- tetroses
- pentoses
- hexoses

Question 5

MONOSACCHARIDES

• optical activity?
• can exist as?

Answer 5

• optically active EXCEPT Dihydroxyacetone
• can exist as pairs of enantiomers

Question 6

MONOSACCHARIDES

• relative configuration is based on?
• 2 configurations?
• which of the 2 ^^ is naturally occurring?

Answer 6

• based on the penultimate carbon (last CHIRAL carbon from the top) or katabi ng Oxygen

D - OH group is on the right of the penultimate carbon (naturally ocurring)
L - OH group is on the left of the penultimate carbon