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Biochemistry > Carbohydrates > Flashcards

Carbohydrates Flashcards

1
Q

Jamaican vomiting sickness

A

akee tree

hypoglycin

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2
Q

C4 epimer of glucose

A

Galactose

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3
Q

Arsenic poisoning

A

Pyruvate dehydrogenase

Phosphoglycerate kinase

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4
Q

(+) Fructose-2,6-biphosphate

A

Phosphofructokinase-1

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5
Q

(-) Fructose-2,6-biphosphate

A

Fructose-1,6-biphosphatase

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6
Q

Classic galactosemia

A

Galactose 1-phosphate uridyl transferase

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7
Q

Aldolase A

A

Glycolysis

Fructose-1,6-BP–>DHAP + glycerol-3-P

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8
Q

Aldolase B

A

Fructose metabolism

Fructose-1-P –> DHAP + glyceraldehyde

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9
Q

Forms fructose from sorbitol

A

Sorbitol dehydrogenase

Only in seminal vesicles

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10
Q

Proteoglycan associated with atherosclerosis

A

Dermatan sulfate

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11
Q

Glycosaminoglycan: not covalently attached to protein

A

Hyaluronic acid

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12
Q

C6 ketose

A

Fructose

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13
Q

GLUT transporter in liver

A

GLUT 2

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14
Q

GLUT transporter in brain

A

GLUT 1 and GLUT 3

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15
Q

GLUT transporter in pancreas

A

GLUT 2

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16
Q

GLUT transporter in RBC

A

GLUT 1

17
Q

GLUT transporter in heart and skeletal muscle

A

GLUT 4

18
Q

Irreversible and regulated steps in glycolysis

A

Glucose–>Glucose-6-phosphate [hexokinase]
Fructose-6-phosphate–>Fructose-1,6-biphosphate [PFK-1]
PEP–>pyruvate [pyruvate kinase]

19
Q

Most common enzyme defect in glycolysis

A

pyruvate kianse deficiency

20
Q

True or false: WBC and kidney medulla are strictly glycolytic organs

A

True

21
Q

TCA cycle: occurs in mitochondrial matrix except

A

succinate dehydrogenase

22
Q

TCA cycle: Generates ATP

A

succinyl CoA–>succinate [succinate thiokinase]

23
Q

TCA cycle: Generates NADH

A

isocitrate–>alpha-ketoglutarate [isocitrate dehydrogenase]
alpha-ketoglutarate–>succinylo CoA [alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase]
malate–>oxaloacetate [malate dehydrogenase]

24
Q

TCA cycle: Generates FADH2

A

succinate–>fumarate [succinate dehydrogenase]

25
Q

TCA cycle: Generates CO2

A

malate–>oxaloacetate [malate dehydrogenase]

26
Q

The rate-limiting step in TCA generates

A

NADH

isocitrate–>alpha-ketoglutarate [isocitrate dehydrogenase]

27
Q

Rate-limiting step: gluconeogenesis

A

fructose-1,6-bisphosphate–>fructose-6-phosphate [fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase]

28
Q

Expenditure of gluconeogenesis

A

4 ATPs
2 GTPs
2 NADH

29
Q

True or false: calcium stimulates glycogen synthase

A

glycogen phosphorylase

30
Q

presents with catarcts postnatally

A

galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase deficiency

31
Q

why is galactokinase deficiency benign?

A

hexokinase

32
Q

severe form of fructosuria

A

aldolase B deficiency

33
Q

why is essential fructosuria benign?

A

hexokinase

34
Q

product of rate-limiting enzmye in PPP

A

6-phosphopgluconate (not ribulose-5-phosphatase)

35
Q

Phases of PPP

A

Phase 1: oxidative, irreversible

Phase 2: non-oxidative, reversible

36
Q

True or false: ATP is consumed in PPP

A

No ATP is produced nor consumed

37
Q

True or false: glycogen phosphorylase is active when phosphorylated

A

true

38
Q

True or false: glycogen synthase is active when phosphorylated

A

INactive

39
Q

True or false: glycogen phosphorylate kinase is active when phosphorylated

A

true

Biochemistry (11 decks)

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