Carbohydrates

Question 1

What is the general formula of a monosaccharide?

Answer 1

(CH2O)n

Question 2

Example of a Triose sugar?

Answer 2

Glyceraldehyde

Question 3

Example of a Pentose sugar?

Answer 3

Ribose

Question 4

Example of a Hexose sugar?

Answer 4

Glucose

Question 5

What are the two isomers of Glucose?

Answer 5

alpha & beta Glucose

Question 6

What reaction occurs to form a glycosidic bond?

Answer 6

Condensation reaction

Question 7

What bond forms between Disaccharides?

Answer 7

Glycosidic bond

Question 8

How is maltose formed?

Answer 8

Glucose+Glucose

Question 9

How is Surcrose formed?

Answer 9

Glucose+Fructose

Question 10

How is Lactose formed?

Answer 10

Glucose+Galactose

Question 11

What molecules create starch?

Answer 11

Alpha-Glucose

Question 12

What two polymers does starch make?

Answer 12

Amylose & Amylopectin

Question 13

Name the characteristics of starch

4

Answer 13

• Insoluble
• Cannot diffuse out of cells
• It is compact and can be stored in small spaces
• Carries a lot of energy

Question 14

Describe Amylose?

4

Answer 14

• Linear (in shape)
• Unbranched molecule
• Glycosidic bonds between C1 and C4 (Alpha Glucose)
• Coils in a chain, forming an alpha helix

Question 15

Describe Amylopectin?

2

Answer 15

• Chain of glucose monomers joined at C1 - C4

- Branches that are bonded at C6 - C1

Question 16

How is glycogen different than amylopectin?

Answer 16

It has shorter C1-C4 linked chains and so are more branched than amylopectin

Question 17

Describe Glycogen

2

Answer 17

• It has glycosidic bonds at C1 - C4

- Branches that are bonded at C6 - C1

Question 18

Where can cellulose be found?

Answer 18

Plant Cell walls

Question 19

What molecules make up Cellulose

Answer 19

Beta glucose molecules C1 - C4 that alternate in rotating 180 degrees

Question 20

What molecules make up amylose and amylopectin?

Answer 20

Alpha glucose molecules

Question 21

Why does the beta glucose molecules need to be rotated?

Answer 21

So that the hydrogen bonds and hydroxyl molecules to be adjacent and undergo a condensation reaction to form a glycosidic bond

Question 22

Where can chitin be found?

Answer 22

In the exoskeletons of insects

Question 23

What molecules make up Chitin?

Answer 23

Beta glucose molecules with glycosidic bonds at C1-C4 that are also rotated 180

Question 24

What molecules make up glycogen?

Answer 24

Alpha glucose molecules

Question 25

What makes chitin different to the other polysaccharides?

Answer 25

It has an acetylamine group (contains Nitrogen) and that being N-acetylglycosamine

Question 26

What is the difference of alpha & beta glucose?

Answer 26

Alpha at C2 has H above OH, compared to Beta which at C2 has OH above H

Question 27

What is the general formula for a disaccharide

Answer 27

C12H22O11

Question 28

How do microfibrils arise from cellulose?

Answer 28

Intermolecular forces of hydrogen bonding can occur between cellulose fibres as there are many hydroxyl molecules facing outwards, connecting underneath one another

Question 29

What does the N-acetylglycosamine in chitin replace?

Answer 29

The hydroxyl molecule at C2

Question 30

Where can glycogen be found?

Answer 30

In animals

Question 31

Where can cellulose be found?

Answer 31

In plant Cell Walls

Question 32

What are isomers?

Answer 32

Molecules with the same chemical formula but a different arrangement of atoms