Carbon

Question 1

What are some examples of carbon-rich rocks

Answer 1

1. limestone
2. chalk

Question 2

Which mountain range is over a collision margin

Answer 2

the Himalayas

Question 3

How much carboin is in the lithosphere

Answer 3

99.985%

Question 4

What are the forms of carbon in the lithosphere

Answer 4

1. sedimentary rocks
2. organic carbon
3. fossil fuels
4. marine sediments

Question 5

how much of the worlds oxygen that humans need to breathe is produced by phytoplankton

Answer 5

over 50%

Question 6

why do coccolithophores and foraminifera transport the most carbon to seafloor sediments

Answer 6

1. reproduce quickly when nutrients are available
2. once nutrients are used up trillions die and sink

Question 7

What is a local example of limestone calcium carbonate sediments that were deep ocean sediments years ago

Answer 7

White Cliffs of Dover

Question 8

How do the White Cliffs of Dover return carbon to the oceans

Answer 8

through erosion and weathering

Question 9

how much carbon is stored in soil

Answer 9

over 2,700 Gigatonnes (Gt)

Question 10

how much Gt of CO2 has been lost from the world’s soil since the dawn of agriculture

Answer 10

133 Gigatonnes (8% of historical stocks)

Question 11

how much more food needs to be produced by 2050 to feed c.9bn people

Answer 11

70% more food

Question 12

how much carbon does permafrost store

Answer 12

1,600 billion tonnes (double the atmospheric amount)

Question 13

by how much has the Arctic warmed by since the 1970s

Answer 13

4 times the global average

Question 14

what % of gas imports to the UK were from Russia in 2021

Answer 14

4% of the total gas supply

Question 15

why does the UK have one of the most reliable and diverse energy systems in the world

Answer 15

has invested £90 billion since 2012

Question 16

how does Norway meet 96% of its energy needs for 5 million people

Answer 16

exploiting its HEP resources, and offshore oil and gas fields

Question 17

What % of the worlds energy demand is still met through fossil fuels

Answer 17

85%

Question 18

How much carbon does the City of London produce yearly

Answer 18

1.7 million tonnes/year

Question 19

How much of the world’s oil reserves does OPEC own

Answer 19

2/3 (78%)

Question 20

How much crude oil and natural gas does OPEC produce

Answer 20

1. 45% of crude oil
2. 15% of natural gas

Question 21

How many barrels of oil did the USA produce in 2018

Answer 21

10 million barrels per day

Question 22

how many barrels of oil are carried through the Strait of Hormuz

Answer 22

19 million barrels per day

Question 23

What % was fracking in the USA’s gas supply in 2015

Answer 23

25% of gas supply

Question 24

By 2020, what did Petrobas want to raise its deep sea oil production to

Answer 24

500,000 barrels per day

Question 25

how much oil do Canada's tarsands produce

Answer 25

40% of oil

Question 26

until what year can nuclear waste be put in the ground in the UK

Answer 26

2075

Question 27

how much electricity does nuclear power provide to the UK

Answer 27

20% of the UK's electricity

Question 28

What is the worlds largest power plant

Answer 28

Kashiwazaki-Kariwa

Question 29

What % of the UK's renewable energy mix does solar power provide to the UK

Answer 29

4.3% of the UK's renewable energy mix

Question 30

what does one rotation of a Hornsea wind turbine do

Answer 30

power a home for a day

Question 31

How much energy is generated by the Three Gorges Dam

Answer 31

11% of China's energy

Question 32

How many people were displaced through the creation of the Three Gorges Dam

Answer 32

1.3 million people

Question 33

How many projects use CCS to pump oil

Answer 33

30 projects

Question 34

How many EV's were bought in 2021

Answer 34

6.6 million

Question 35

Whaat could geothermal increase to in the UK's energy mix

Answer 35

20% (from 0.3%)

Question 36

How many deep wells are drilled in Cornwall to tap into the granite

Answer 36

2 deep wells

Question 37

How much could tidal deliver to the UK's electricity needs

Answer 37

20% of UK's need

Question 38

how much of its forest cover has Bourneo lost since 1950

Answer 38

50% of its forest cover

Question 39

What % of the Great Plains remains intact

Answer 39

just over 50% (366 million acres)

Question 40

What are the problems with food systems

Answer 40

1. account for 30% of GHG emissions 2. account for 80% of global deforestation 3. use 70% of available freshwater

Question 41

What are the impacts of deforestation on Madagascar's atmosphere

Answer 41

1. evapotranspiration rates of grass lands are 1/3 of tropical rainforests 2. reduceed oxygen content and lower transpiration rates 3. drier air 4. reduced shading = more sun reaching the forest floor

Question 42

What are the impacts of deforestation on Madagascar's biosphere

Answer 42

1. vegetation evapotranspiration is reduced 2. biomass loss due to reduced plant growth and photosynthesis 3. habitat decreases 4. reduction in species diversity

Question 43

What are the impacts of deforestation on Madagascar's soil

Answer 43

1. CO2 released from decaying woody material 2. less interception = soil washed from hillside 3. raindrop impacts washes finer particles of clay and humus away 4. biomass loss due to reduced plant growth

Question 44

What are the impacts of deforestation on Madagascar's water cycle

Answer 44

1. annual rainfall is reduced 2. higher flood peaks and shorter lag times 3. increased discharge 4. river carrys more eroded material 5. seasonality of rainfall is reduced

Question 45

how much carbon has the ocean absorbed since 1800

Answer 45

30% of carbon produced

Question 46

# [](http://) how much palm oil is produced every year

Answer 46

66 million tonnes

Question 47

how many armed conflicts occured in Indonesia due to land use rights in 2016

Answer 47

700 armed conflicts

Question 48

How many Indonesians are dependent on ecosystem services for their livelihoods

Answer 48

99 million Indonesians

Question 49

how many people rely on coral attols in the Maldives

Answer 49

220,000 people

Question 50

how many people live near mangroves

Answer 50

120 million people

Question 51

what % of annual protein consumption does fish provide 3 billion people

Answer 51

16% of annual protein consumption