Cardiac

Question 1

What is the mechanism of edema formation with cardiac tamponade

Answer 1

Hydrostatic pressure

Question 2

What is characteristic of the jugular vein with cardiac tamponade apart from distention

Answer 2

Not pulsating — back pressure on heart causes pulse to disappear

Question 3

What is the origin of the normal/physiological jugular pulse

Answer 3

Mitral valve closing

Question 4

Give one differential for congestive heart failure in the bovine

Answer 4

Cardiomyopathy- Dilation

Vavlular endocarditis

Question 5

Which heart sound (Systolic/diastolic) may be split in the bovine

Answer 5

Systolic- Asynchronous closure, left heart closes more strongly than right heart

Question 6

• What is the most common cause of a murmur in calves

Answer 6

Ventricular septal defect

Tetrology of Fallot

Question 7

• How does endotoxin cause edema

Answer 7

Vasculitis — increased capillary permeability

Question 8

• Which organ show most edema associated with endotoxin

Answer 8

Lungs

Question 9

• Which bacteria is most commonly associated with valvular endocarditis

Answer 9

Truepuerella pyogenes

Question 10

• What is mechanism of a positive pole test

Answer 10

Fibrin attachments pulls on peritoneum

Question 11

• What symptoms should alert you as to the presence of a bacteremia

Answer 11

AV valve murmur
Lameness, arthritis, synovitis
Fibrin in eye — hypopyon
Tachycardia

Question 12

• Name one blood test which may alert you as to the presence of a low grade bacteremia

Answer 12

Hyper gamma globulin

Question 13

• What would you do to lower blood potassium levels

Answer 13

Dextrose & insulin

Question 14

Why does the heart sound soft in hypocalcemia in fresh cows

Answer 14

Dec contractility

Question 15

What is the blood electrolyte profile like with a ruptured bladder

Answer 15

HypoNa & HyperK

Question 16

Which valve is most commonly affected valvular endocarditis

Answer 16

Idk

Question 17

What is the underlying mechanism in high altitude disease

Answer 17

Chronic alveolar hypoxia

Question 18

What deficiency in young rapid growing sheep can cause acute death

Answer 18

Vit E & Selenium

Question 19

What lesion can black leg cause in the heart

Answer 19

Necrotizing Myocarditis
Name 2 characteristic ECG changes associated with hyperkalemia
◦ Long T waves
◦ Dropped P waves
• Which bacterium is most commonly associated with abscess formation
◦ Idk
• What is a predisposing cause of atrial fibrillation in cattle
◦ Displaced abomasum

Question 20

Name 2 characteristic ECG changes associated with hyperkalemia

Answer 20

Long T waves

Dropped P waves

Question 21

Which bacterium is most commonly associated with abscess formation

Answer 21

Idk

Question 22

What is a predisposing cause of atrial fibrillation in cattle

Answer 22

Displaced abomasum

Question 23

What is the normal heart rate in a cow

Answer 23

40-80

Question 24

What is diagnostic on clinical examination for a cow with septic pericarditis

Answer 24

Washing machine sound

Question 25

Name a anti-arrhythmogenic drug

Answer 25

Lidocaine

Question 26

What is the toxic principle in fox glove causing arrhrythmia

Answer 26

Digitalis

Question 27

What effect does the parasympathetic system have on the heart

Answer 27

Slows, bradycardia

Question 28

What effect does organophosphates have on the heart and what antidote can be used

Answer 28

Bradycardia

Atropine