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Flashcards in Cardiac Tamponade Deck (16)
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0
Q

How much fluid can the pericardium hold before resulting in tamponade?

A

200 mL if rapid vs up to 2000 mL if slowly accumulated

1
Q

Pericardial effusion versus cardiac Tampanode?

A

Fluid in the pericardial space versus fluid in the pericardial space that compresses the heart and impedes diastolic filling

2
Q

Beck Triad?

A

Signs of rapid cardiac tamponade

  1. Hypotension
  2. elevated jugular venous pressure, 3. small quiet heart
3
Q

Clinical picture of slow cardiac tamponade?

A
  1. Dyspnea
  2. Elevated jugular pressure
  3. Peripheral edema
  4. Cardiomegaly on x-ray
  5. Pulsus paradoxus
4
Q

Pulsus paradoxes?

A

Dropp in systolic blood pressure during inspiration by 10+ mm Hg

5
Q

Pulsus paradoxes seen in these pathologies?

A
  1. Cardiac tamponade

2. Disturbed intrathoracic pressures during respiration (COPD)

6
Q

Causes of constrictive pericarditis?

A
  1. TB/Viral infections
  2. Radiation therapy
  3. Cardiac surgery
  4. Uremia
  5. Malignancy
7
Q

Difference between cardiac tamponade and constrictive pericarditis?

A

No pulses paradoxes in constructive pericarditis

8
Q

Kussmaul sign?

A

Increase in JVP during inspiration seen in constrictive pericarditis (Normally blood would be sucked into the heart, but because of diastolic restriction, blood fills jugular vein)

9
Q

Pericardial knock?

A

High-pitched early diastolic sound occurring just after aortic valve closure. Seen in pericarditis

10
Q

Restrictive cardiomyopathies with elongated PR interval?

A

Amyloidosis, sarcoidosis, hemochromatosis

11
Q

Endomyocardial fibrosis?

A

Fibrosis of the endocardium along with fever and eosinophilia (25% of deaths to heart dz in Africa)

12
Q

Imaging that could potentially differentiate between constrictive pericarditis and restrictive cardiomyopathy?

A

MRI, but more likely need biopsy

13
Q

ECG shows ST segment elevation with low voltage diffusely?

A

Acute pericarditis

14
Q

Treatment of cardiac Tamponade?

A

Pericardiocentesis or surgical pericardial window

15
Q

While awaiting pericardiocentesis, immediate support for patients with cardiac tamponade?

A

IV fluids because patients are preload dependent

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