Cardio 2.2: 54mins

Question 1

Apparition des bruits de Korotkow vs Disparition des bruits de Korotkow

Answer 1

Apparition des bruits de Korotkow = pression systolique
Disparition des bruits de Korotkow = pression diastolique

Question 2

Pression artérielle moyenne

Answer 2

PAM = (PAsystolique + 2 x PAdiastolique) ÷ 3

La diastole étant plus longue que la systole

Question 3

Someone who is dehydrated and effect on debit cardaic

Answer 3

Dehydration -> reduction of volume in the blood -> reduction of precharge

a lower precharge -> lower debit cardaic

Question 4

Les contractions musculaires and effect on precharge

Answer 4

Walking and stretching will allow for the return of blood _> increase prechage

This is why british soldiers have to move once in a while to make sure they don’t pass out

Question 5

True or False,

Les valvules veineuses sont des structures qui favorisent le retour veineux

Answer 5

True

These valves assure the unidirectional flow of blood and thus increase the retour veineux to the heart

Question 6

Why does a deep breath favorise le retour
veineux systémique

Answer 6

By breathing in we reduce the pressure on the right atrium by making more space in the thorac -> more space in the right atrium -> more blood can come back -> greater precharge

Question 7

Système lymphatique: fonctions

Answer 7

Retour de l’excès de liquide filtré par les capillaires
– Retour lymphatique = 2 litres/24h
* Retour des protéines au sang
* Fonction immunitaire

Question 8

Auto-régulation du débit local

2 reasons, how it happens

1:40M, p55

Review this cuz buddy fd the tuddy

Answer 8

There will be two reasons why you would want to Auto regulate local blood perfusion

could be that there is a change in the systemic blood pressure whether increased or decreased and you want to maintain a stable perfusion to say the brain regardless of these variations

the second option could be Auto regulate in order to provide blood relevant to the metabolic rate of the tissue for example during exercise muscled might undergo local auto regulation to increase oxygen intake

régulation locale se fait au niveau des artérioles et des sphincters pré-capillaires

Question 9

Theory myogenique vs theories humorale

Answer 9

Myogenique:

The actual smooth muscle senses a change in blood pressure and either constricts to prevent high blood pressure to perfuse the tissue or dilates when it senses low blood pressure

humorale:
concentration locale de métabolites lors de modification des
besoins métaboliques des cellules et activent la relaxation
ou la contraction musculaire vasculaire par effet paracrine

Either metabolique (like Oxygen, ATP etc)
Or Endothelial secreted substances

Question 10

Effect of O2, Adénosine, CO2, Potassium

Answer 10

O2: If you have a lot of O2 you wanna vasoconstrict locally as you do not need more

Adenosine: A product of ATP synthesis. If you just made a bunch of ATP you need to get rid of all the CO2. -> vasodilate

CO2 -> opposite of O2

Potassium: increased during muscle activty -> gotta get rid of Co2 -> vasodilation

Question 11

What are the Substances endothéliales vasoactives

Answer 11

• Endothéline (vasoconstriction)
• Oxyde nitrique - NO (vasodilatation)
• Prostacycline(Prostaglandin) (vasodilatation)

Question 12

What is angiogénèse?

Answer 12

e réduction du débit sanguin dans un tissu déclenche
la relâche de facteurs favorisant la formation de
nouveaux vaisseaux (angiogénèse)

collateral bypasses that are generated to maintain the blood flow of the affected region

Question 13

Régulation rapide (nerveuse) de
la pression artérielle due to a low pressure

Answer 13

Baro-receptors in the ascending aorta will send afferent projections to the brainstem which is the center of information integration

once a decision is made in this case due to low pressure efferent projections are sent to the spinal cord which lead to a vasoconstriction of arteries and arterioles in order to increase blood pressure as well as a vasoconstriction of veins in order to

reduce the vein blood storage and thus increase free charge and thus increase blood flow and thus increase blood pressure

on top of this, a signal is sent to SN node to increase firing rate
sent to AV node to increase conduction speed
**accelerate inotropia **(muscle contraction of the myocardium)

Question 14

Le réflexe ischémique central (“réflexe de Cushing”)

Answer 14

Survient lorsque la pression de perfusion cérébrale baisse

réflexe déclenche une activation sympathique importante avec vasoconstriction diffuse (sauf le système nerveux central) pour maintenir la perfusion cérébrale

Constriction of most arterioles to keep the blood flow constant to the brain.

exam

Question 15

Le ____________ est une cible thérapeutique importante dans
différentes pathologies cardiac

Answer 15

système RAA (Rénine-angiotensine-aldostérone)

Question 16

Peptides natriurétiques

Answer 16

Detects l’etirement cardiac (distantion)
which is a measurement of précharge which is a measurement of volume

Nouvelle cible thérapeutique dans l’insuffisance cardiaque

They act on the kindey to increase sodium secretion -> reduce volume

Question 17

Hormone anti-diurétique

Answer 17

leads to reabsorption of water

involves release of vasopressine

vasopressine can do vasoconstriction and reduce water secretion -> increase of volume -> increase of precharge -> increase of arterial pressure

Question 18

Angiotensin II

Answer 18

Active form of angiotensin I

angio tensin -> increase tension -> vasoconstrictor

stimulate aldosterone production -> reabsorption of sodium and water