Flashcards in Cardio Deck (145)
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1
LAD supplies
anterior LV wall
atnerior septum
His purkinje
2
Left circumflex supplies
lateral LV wall
3
RCA (PDA) supplies
inferior LV wall
RV
posterior septum
AV, SA node
4
What typically increases isotropy?
catecholamines
5
during cardiac contraction, only ___ stays the same
A (H,I,Z all differ!)
6
4 things that decrease contractility and SV
B blockade
heart failure
acidosis
hypoxia/hypercapnia
7
4 things that increase contractility and SV
catecholamines
increase in intracellular Ca
decrease in extracellular Na
digitalis-->increases intracel Na and therefore increases intracellular Ca
8
LV diastolic function determinants (5)
Lusitrophy
LA pressure (aka LV filling pressure)
LV compliance
Heart rate (diastolic filling time) (dec in HR= increase in diastolic fx)
atrial kick
9
S3 represents
early diastole- dilated LV
10
S4 represents
late diastole-atrial kick to stiffened LV
11
paradoxical split
normally A2, P2 (because pressure greater in aorta), but in aortic stenosis P2 actually goes before A2 (breathing will make this go away)
12
4 things that happen when you turn in symp NS
1 increase Hr
2- increase iontropy
3- increase arteriole constriction
4- increase venous constriction
13
three types of shock
hypovolemic
distributive
cardiogenic
14
hypovolemic shock
too little blood
due to endothelial damage, excessive secretion, dehydration
15
distributive shock
enough blood but in wrong place (veins not arteries)
due to sepsis (vasodilator actions), reflex (vaso-vagal syncope)
16
cardiogenic shock
inadequate filling of arteries caused by failure of cardiac pump
due to acute MI, pericardial tamponade, valve rupture PE, myocarditis
17
3 consequences of shock
multi-organ failure
neurohormonal response
death
18
2 differences between physiological and pathological hypertrophy
physiological- high ATPase myosin heavy chains and more SR
path- less ATPase myosin heavy chains and less SR
19
helpful and harmful of intropes
helpful- increase BP and SV
harmful- increase work (so worsen energy expenditure)
20
helpful and harmful of diuretics
helpful- decrease preload, EDV/P
harmful- decrease stroke volume
21
helpful and harmful vasodilators
helpful- decrease after load, so increase SV
harmful- decrease BP and tissue perfusion
22
helps systolic heart failure
inhibit neurohormonal signaling
modify mehcanical stress
23
eccentric hypertrophy compensates for
decreased shortening ability
24
treatment for eccentric hypetrophy
positive inotropic agents
diuretics
vasodilators
beta-blockers
aldosterone inhibitors
anticoagulants
25
louder subaortic murmur with
interventions that decrease left ventricular size or velocity of contraction
valsalva, standing, positive inotropic agents
26
treatment for dilated cardiomyopathy
ACEI, ARBS, Beta-blockers, diuretics, digitalis
27
treatment for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
diuretics with caution, treat htn, treat Mischemia, decrease HR
28
Beck's Triad of physical signs of pericardial tampnade
decreased arterial pressure
increased venous pressure
quiet heart
29
low serum K can be indicative of
primary hyperaldosteronism
30
