Cardio Pathology 3

Question 1

When do most heart attacks occur?

Answer 1

When a ruptured atherosclerotic plaque or blood clot blocks the flow of blood through a coronary artery

Question 2

Uncommon cause of MI

Answer 2

Spasm of a coronary artery

Question 3

s/s of an MI

Answer 3

• chest discomfort with pressure
• squeezing or pain
• SOB
• discomfort in upper body including arms, shoulder, neck, or back
• nausea/vomiting
• dizziness
• sweating
• palpitations

Question 4

Meds used to treat acute MI

Answer 4

• anticoagulants
• thrombocytes agents
• pain relievers
• antihypertensives
• cholesterol-lowering meds

Question 5

MI: Women are more likely to have these s/s

Answer 5

SOB
Nausea/vomiting
Back or jaw pain

Question 6

What is the typical cause of myocarditis?

Answer 6

Viral (flu, adenovirus)or bacterial infection (polio, rubella, Lyme disease)

Question 7

What happens to the heart when the pericardium becomes inflamed?

Answer 7

Amount of fluid between the layers of the pericardium increases (effusion)

Question 8

What typically causes pericarditis?

Answer 8

Usu a complication of viral infections (can be bacterial or fungal)

Question 9

S/s pericarditis

Answer 9

• chest pain
• SOB
• anxiety
• fatigue
• fever
• DRY COUGH

Question 10

Resolution of pericarditis

Answer 10

Most cases are mild and clear up on their own with rest and simple tx

Question 11

Primary causes of PAD

Answer 11

Atherosclerosis
Thromboembolic processes

*alter the structure and function of the aorta and its branches

Question 12

S/s of PAD

Fatigue, aching, numbness, or pain primarily in these areas

Answer 12

• buttock
• thigh
• calf
• foot

Question 13

PAD: visual changes

Answer 13

• poorly healing wounds of LEs/feet
• distal hair loss
• tropic skin changes
• hypertrophic nails

Question 14

Etiology of rheumatic fever

Answer 14

Bacteria that cause strep throat or scarlet fever

Streptococcus pyogenes

Question 15

Symptoms of rheumatic fever arise from

Answer 15

Inflammation of the heart, joints, skin, or CNS

May include red, swollen, fever, painful joints, heart palpitations, chest pain, SOB, skin rash

Question 16

Regurgitation is also called

Answer 16

Insufficiency

Incompetence

Question 17

Etiology of valvular heart disease

Answer 17

• congenital
• calcific degeneration
• infective endocarditis
• CAD
• MI
• rheumatic fever