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DAT BIO > Cardio System > Flashcards

Cardio System Flashcards

1
Q

Invertebrate Circulation

No circulatory system

A

Use simple diffusion to distribute nutrients

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2
Q

Invertebrate Circulation

Open circulatory system

A

Pumps fluid called hemolymph into sinuses or hemocoel

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3
Q

Invertebrate Circulation

Closed circulatory system

A

Use a pumping heart to move blood through vessels

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4
Q

Vertebrate Circulation

Fish have how many chambers in their hearts?

A

2-chambered hearts (atrium and ventricle)

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5
Q

Vertebrate Circulation

Amphibians and reptiles have how many chambers in their hearts?

A

3-chambered hearts (2 atriums and 1 ventricle)

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6
Q

Vertebrate Circulation

Alligators, birds and humans have how many chambers in their hearts?

A

4-chambered hearts (2 atriums and 2 ventricles)

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7
Q

AV valve is attached to _______ muscles, which contract to close the AV valves and prevent backflow of blood.

A

papillary

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8
Q

What valve allows blood to flow from the right atrium to the right ventricle

A

tricuspid valve

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9
Q

What valve allows blood to flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle

A

bicuspid valve

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10
Q

Lub sound comes from what

A

AV Valves closing

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11
Q

Dub sound comes from what

A

SL Valves closing

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12
Q

_____ valves are a type of valve in veins.

A

Pocket

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13
Q

Blood clotting cascade steps

A
  1. Tissue damage
  2. Platelet activation
  3. Thromboplastin release
  4. Formation of clot
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14
Q

Explain what happens during tissue damage

A

Damaged tissue tears blood vessel walls, exposing their collagen

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15
Q

Explain what happens during platelet activation

A

Activated platelets aggregate @ site of the tear, forming a platelet plug

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16
Q

Explain what happens during thromboplastin release

A

Activated platelets thromboplastin, this converts prothrombin (inactive precursor) → thrombin (active form)

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17
Q

Explain what happens during formation of clot

A
  • Activated thrombin converts fibrinogen (inactive precursor) → fibrin (active form)
  • Fibrin forms a **blood clot* (hemostatic plug).
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18
Q

What is the most common WBC?

A

Neutrophil

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19
Q

______ are our immune cells and defend against infection.

A

WBC

20
Q

T/F: Platelets and erythrocytes have a nucleus

A

FALSE, they don’t

21
Q

Large bone marrow cells called ________ are the precursor to platelets

A

megakaryocytes

22
Q

A ________ in ______ ___ will lead to increased bleeding (no clotting!)

A

deficiency, Vitamin K

23
Q

What type of immunity are platelets associated with?

A

Innate

24
Q

Plasma contains _____, _____, _____, and ____

A

water, protein, nutrients and hormones

25
Q

What antigen does Type A blood have?
What antibodies?

A

A antigen
Anti-B antibodies

26
Q

What antigen does Type B blood have?
What antibodies?

A

B antigen
Anti-A antibodies

27
Q

What antigen does Type O blood have?
What antibodies?

A

has NO ANTIGENS
Anti-A & Anti-B antibodies

28
Q

What antigen does Type AB blood have?
What antibodies?

A

has A and B antigens
NO antibodies

29
Q

Universal donor?

A

O-

30
Q

Universal acceptor?

A

AB+

31
Q

Rh + means you ___ have the Rh factor
Rh - means you ___ have the Rh factor

A

+ DO
- DON’T

Rh+ CANNOT be given to Rh-

32
Q

Fetal circulation

Oxygenated blood in the right atrium goes to the left atrium via the ____ ______

A

foramen ovale

33
Q

Ductus venosus

A

Connects the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava

34
Q

Ductus arteriosus

A

Connects the pulmonary artery to the aorta
Preventing oxygen-poor blood from traveling to the brain.

35
Q

Umbilical artery

A

Carries deoxygenated blood from the fetus to the placenta

36
Q

Umbilical vein

A

Carries oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus via the umbilical cord

37
Q

Erythroblastosis Fetalis

If mother has Rh-, but has a Rh+ fetus, the mother will develop _____ ______ ________ and if pregnant again with Rh+ fetus, these will _____ the fetus.

A

anti Rh+ antibodies, attack

38
Q

Components of lymphatic system

A

lymph nodes, lymph vessels, adenoids, the spleen, and the thymus.

39
Q

_______ pressure, a type of osmotic pressure, brings fluid back into the capillaries at the ______ end.

A

Oncotic, venule

40
Q

________ pressure pushes fluid out of the capillaries on the _______ end into interstitial space.

A

Hydrostatic, arterial

41
Q

What are the centers for immune response?

A

Lymph nodes

42
Q

T/F: Lymph vessels have pressure

A

FALSE, skeletal muscle contraction is their “pressure”

43
Q

________ concentration influences lymph volume.

A

Solute

44
Q

If there is an _______ amount of proteins within the blood vessels, water will flow into these vessels, ______ the amount of water left in the interstitial fluid and _______ lymph volume.

A

increased, reducing, decreasing

45
Q

The pulmonary artery contains the most _______ blood.

A

deoxygenated

46
Q

The pulmonary _____ contains the most oxygenated blood.

A

vein

DAT BIO (22 decks)

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