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Anatomy > Cardiology > Flashcards

Cardiology Flashcards

1
Q

What level is the transverse thoracic plane?

A

T4/5

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2
Q

What is the thymus?

A

A gland/lymphoid tissure producing T lymphocytes in childhood but becomes involuted to adipose tissue in adult hood

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3
Q

What level does the trachea bifurcate?

A

T4/5 ( at the level of the sternal angle)

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4
Q

Name the branches of the thoracic aorta’s anterior surface?

A 
Bronchial
Oesophageal
MEdiastinal
Pericardial
Phrenic
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5
Q

Where does the azygous vein branch from?

A

The superior vena cava

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6
Q

What drains into the left venous angle?

A

Thoracic duct

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7
Q

What drains into the right venous angle?

A

Right lymphatic duct

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8
Q

Name the two groups of lymoh nodes in the lung?

A

Tracheo-bronchial

Bronchopulmonary

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9
Q

What is the cisterna chyli?

A

The swollen start of the thoracic duct in the abdomen

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10
Q

Where does the phrenic nerve supply the diaphrgam?

A

Passes with the IVC into the abdomen and supplies the diaphragm fromt eh inferior aspect

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11
Q

Name the reminant of the ductus arteriosis?

A

Ligamentum arteriosum

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12
Q

Which nerve is most lateral in the chest?

A

Phrenic

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13
Q

Which is nerve is most medial in the chest?

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerve

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14
Q

What is a central vein?

A

Close to the heart such that the pressure in them is very similar to the right atrium

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15
Q

What is charateristic of the JVP

A

visable double pulsation
Not palpable
reflects the pressure in the RA
Should be no more than 3 cm above sternal angle

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16
Q

Where does the right recurrent laryngeal nerve hook under?

A

The right subclavian artery

DOES NOT ENTER THE CHEST

17
Q

Where does the left recurrent laryngeal nerve hook under?

A

Arch of the aorta

DOES ENTER THE CHEST

18
Q

Where do the supraclavicular nerves supply?

A

C3, C4 dermatome

‘shoulder tip’

19
Q

Why can irritation of the diaphragm give you shoulder tip pain?

A

The nerves of the phrenic and supraclavicular nerves enter the spinal cord at the same levels so the brain ‘prefers’ the more superficial structure and so feels it as shoulder tip pain

20
Q

What muscles does the left recurrent laryngeal nerve supply?

A

Muscles of the larynx

21
Q

Where would you insert a needle for pericardiocentesis?

A

VIa infrasternal angle and directed superioposteriolry, aspirating continuously

22
Q

What is the name of the space which lies posterior to the ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk?

A

Transverse pericardial sinus

23
Q

What is the name of the depression in the right atrium of the heart which covers the embryological foramen ovale?

A

Oval fossa

24
Q

Name the other thing we need to know in the RA but have not been told what it is or anything?

A

Crista terminalis

25
Q

Which valve is bicuspid?

A

Mitral

26
Q

Where do the coronary arteries arise from?

A

The right and left aortic sinuses

27
Q

Which valves have papillary muscles?

A

Mitral and tricuspid

28
Q

What carries fibres of the RBB to the papillary muscle of the anterior cusp?

A

Moderator band (septomarginal trabecula)

29
Q

Where are the chemoreceptor nerve endings in the heart?

A

Root of the aorta and IV septum

30
Q

What does the postcentral grus of the parital lobe do?

A

Somatosensory

Body wall sensations are ‘felt’

31
Q

What does the precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe do?

A

Somatomotor

Brings about contractions of the body wall

32
Q

In order where are the four common sites of atherosclerosis in the coronoary arteries

A
  1. LAD
    2.RCA
    3.Circumflex
    4/. LCA
33
Q

What is triple vessels disease?

A

LAD, RCA, circumflex

34
Q

What vessels can a graft be obtained from for a CABG?

A

internal thoracic artery (mammary)

Greater saphenous vein

35
Q

Where does the graft anatsomosis begin in a CABG?

A

Proximally to the ascending aorta

36
Q

What coronary artery supplies the SA and AV nodes

A

RCA

37
Q

What coronary artery supplies the septum

A

Posterior interventricular

LAD

38
Q

Occlusion of what coronary arteries could affect the bundle branches?

A

Posterior interventricular

LAD

39
Q

where is the location of the visceral afferents nerve endings in the heart?

A 
inner aortic arch 
• pulmonary trunk 
• around the SA 
node 
• outflow tracts from 
both ventricles 
• papillary muscles 
• vena cavae

Anatomy (7 decks)

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