Cardiology

Question 1

Most common complication of rheumatic fever

Answer 1

Mitral stenosis

Question 2

Major criteria for rheumatic fever

Answer 2

Pancarditis
Polyarthritis
Erythema marginatum
Sydenham's chorea
Subcutaneous nodules

Question 3

Minor criteria for rheumatic fever

Answer 3

Fever
Polyarthralgia
History of rheumatic fever
Raised acute phase reactants (ESR and CRP)
Prolonged PR interval

Question 4

Cardiac associations with William’s syndrome

Answer 4

Pulmonary stenosis
Peripheral pulmonary stenosis
Supravalvular aortic stenosis

Question 5

Correction for hypo plastic left heart

Answer 5

Norwood (staged procedure - 3 in total)

Question 6

Correction for tetralogy of fallot

Answer 6

Blalock-Taussig shunt, then complete repair later

Question 7

Presents with prolonged fever, malaise, anorexia + heart murmur, often with underlying congenital heart disease

Answer 7

Infective endocarditis

Question 8

Management of patent ductus arteriosus causing heart failure

Answer 8

Fluid restriction
Optimise oxygenation
Indomethacin

Question 9

Conditions associated with pulmonary stenosis

Answer 9

Alagille’s
Williams’s
Noonan’s

Question 10

Conditions associated with HOCM

Answer 10

Pompe’s disease

Friedreich’s ataxia

Question 11

Cardiac defects associated with Turner’s

Answer 11

Aortic stenosis
Coarctation
Aortic dissection

Question 12

Cardiac defects associated with Marfan’s

Answer 12

Aortic dissection

Aortic incompetence

Question 13

Murmur in VSD

Answer 13

Pansystolic, at lower left sternal border

Question 14

Commonest cause of cyanotic congenital heart disease

Answer 14

Tetralogy of fallot

Question 15

Murmur in ASD

Answer 15

Soft systolic murmur, best heart at upper left sternal edge with fixed split S2

Question 16

ECG abnormality in secundum ASD

Answer 16

RV hypertrophy

RBBB

Question 17

ECG abnormality in primum ASD

Answer 17

Superior axis

Question 18

ECG abnormality in VSD

Answer 18

Normal if small

Biventricular hypertrophy if big

Question 19

Which is more common, premum or secundum ASD?

Answer 19

Secundum

Question 20

Murmur in truncus arteriosus?

Answer 20

Systolic murmur with a mid diastolic rumble

Question 21

Causes of narrow complex tachycardia in neonates

Answer 21

Supraventricular re entry tachycardia
Atrial flutter
Atrial ectopic tachycardia

Question 22

2 most common causes of endocarditis

Answer 22

Staph aureus

Strep viridans

Question 23

Features of ToF

Answer 23

RV hypertrophy
VSD
RV outflow tract obstruction
Overriding aorta

Question 24

Classically presents with chest pain radiating to the left shoulder after cardiac repair

Answer 24

Pericardial effusion

Question 25

Associated with PDA

Answer 25

Congenital rubella syndrome Down syndrome Noonan syndrome

Question 26

Associated with secundum ASD

Answer 26

Holt-Oram syndrome

Question 27

Presents with ejection systolic murmur radiating to the neck with carotid thrill

Answer 27

Supravalvular aortic stenosis

Question 28

Associated with supravalvular aortic stenosis

Answer 28

William's syndrome

Question 29

Syndrome associated with ToF

Answer 29

Di George

Question 30

Presents with: normal S1 with ejection click and ejection murmur best heart at the upper left sternal edge radiating to the back

Answer 30

Pulmonary stenosis

Question 31

Syndrome associated with pulmonary stenosis

Answer 31

Noonan's

Question 32

Presents as an cyanotic infant with a soft ejection systolic murmur and weak femoral pulses

Answer 32

Coarctation of the aorta

Question 33

Syndrome associated with coarctation of the aorta

Answer 33

Turner's

Question 34

Complications of coarctation repair

Answer 34

Ischaemia of the spinal cord Systemic hypertension Re-coarctation

Question 35

Cardiac lesions associated with Fetal alcohol syndrome

Answer 35

ASD VSD ToF Coarctation of the aorta

Question 36

Cardiac lesions associated with maternal phenytoin

Answer 36

Aortic stenosis Pulmonary stenosis Coarctation of the aorta PDA

Question 37

Cardiac lesions associated with rubella

Answer 37

PDA | Peripheral pulmonary stenosis

Question 38

Cardiac lesions associated with maternal lithium

Answer 38

Ebstein's anomaly

Question 39

Classically presents with pan systolic murmur best heard at the apex radiating to the axilla

Answer 39

Mitral regurgitation

Question 40

Features of Alagille's syndrome

Answer 40

Hepatic cholestasis Butterfly vertebrae Persistent posterior embryotoxon in the eye Pulmonary stenosis

Question 41

Features of congenital rubella syndrome

Answer 41

``` PDA Thrombocytopenia Cataracts Encephalitis Chorioretinitis Deafness IUGR Jaundice + hepatosplenomegaly ```