Cardiomyopathy

Question 1

Dilated Cardiomyopathy - Causes

Answer 1

Unknown

Associated with alcohol, HTN, haemochromatosis, infection, peri/post-partum, thyrotoxicosis

Question 2

Dilated Cardiomyopathy - Clinical Presentation

Answer 2

Signs of LVF or CCF:

Tachycardia, hypotension, increased JVP, displaced diffuse apex beat, S3, gallop rhythm, MR/TR

Question 3

Dilated Cardiomyopathy - Management

Answer 3

Rest
Diuretics
Digoxin
ACEi
Anticoagulation
Biventricular pacing
Cardiac transplantation

Question 4

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HOCM) - Causes

Answer 4

Autosomal dominant inheritance

Sporadic

Question 5

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HOCM) - Clinical Presentation

Answer 5

Sudden death, angina, dyspnoea, palpitations, syncope, CCF, ‘a’ wave in JVP, double-apex beat, harsh ejection systolic murmur

Question 6

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HOCM) - Management

Answer 6

Beta-blockers/calcium channel blockers
Amiodarone
Anticoagulate
Possible implantable defibrillatory device
Septal myomectomy (reserved for those with severe symptoms)

Question 7

Restrictive Cardiomyopathy - Pathophysiology

Answer 7

Results in a rigid, stiff and thickened myocardium

Causes CCF resulting from diastolic dysfunction

Question 8

Restrictive Cardiomyopathy - Clinical Presentation

Answer 8

Symptoms of RVF:
Increased JVP with prominent x and y descents
Hepatomegaly
Oedema
Ascites

Question 9

Restrictive Cardiomyopathy - Management

Answer 9

Treat the cause

Diuretics

Question 10

Dilated Cardiomyopathy - Pathophysiology

Answer 10

Causes LV enlargement and global hypokinesia

Question 11

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HOCM) - Pathophysiology

Answer 11

LV outflow obstruction from asymmetrical septic hypertrophy

Abnormal myocardial structure