Cardiovascular

Question 1

First functional organ in vertebrate embryos

Answer 1

Heart

Question 2

When does the heart start to beat spontaneously?

Answer 2

Week 4 of development

Question 3

Defect in left-right dynein can lead to

Answer 3

Dextrocardia

Question 4

Dextrocardia is seen in

Answer 4

Kartagener syndrome (primary ciliary dyskinesia)

Question 5

Which foramen maintains right-to-left shunt?

Answer 5

Foramen secundum

Question 6

The remainder of foramen secundum becomes

Answer 6

Foramen ovale

Question 7

Increased LA pressure and decreased RA pressure soon after birth results in

Answer 7

Sealing of foramen ovale

Question 8

Septum secundum and septum primum fuse during infancy/early childhood, forming

Answer 8

Atrial septum

Question 9

Failure of septum primum and septum secundum to fuse after birth results in

Answer 9

Patent foramen ovale

Question 10

Patent foramen ovale (and ASD) can lead to

Answer 10

Paradoxical emboli

Question 11

Most common congenital cardiac anomaly

Answer 11

Ventricular septal defect

Question 12

Ventricular septal defect usually occurs in

Answer 12

Membranous septum

Question 13

Conotruncal abnormalities associated with failure of neural crest cells to migrate can cause

Answer 13

Transposition of great vessels, tetralogy of fallot and/or persistent truncus arteriosus

Question 14

Aortic and pulmonary valves are derived from

Answer 14

Endocardial cushions of the outflow tract

Question 15

Mitral and tricuspid valves are derived from

Answer 15

Fused endocardiacl cushions of the AV canal

Question 16

The truncus arteriosus gives rise to

Answer 16

Ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk

Question 17

The bulbus cordis gives rise to

Answer 17

Outflow tracts of ventricles

Question 18

The primitive ventricles (and atria) become

Answer 18

Trabeculated parts of ventricles (and atria)

Question 19

The left horn of sinus venosus becomes

Answer 19

Coronary sinus

Question 20

The right horn of sinus venosus becomes

Answer 20

Smooth part of right atrium (sinus venarum)

Question 21

The right common cardinal vein and right anterior cardinal veins become

Answer 21

Superior vena cava

Question 22

The posterior, subcardinal and supracardinal veins become

Answer 22

Inferior vena cava

Question 23

The primitive pulmonary veins become

Answer 23

Smooth part of left atrium

Question 24

Blood in the umbilical vein has a PO2 of

Answer 24

30 mmHg

Question 25

SpO2 of blood in umbilical vein

Answer 25

80% (Umbilical arteries have low O2 saturation)