Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

FoCM > cardiovascular exam > Flashcards

cardiovascular exam Flashcards

1
Q

where are the 4 places used on the cardiovascular exam

A

atrial
pulmonary
tricuspid
mitral

always pay tra…velers money

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

where can you examine the aortic valve from

A

the upper right sternal border of the right intercostal space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

where can you examine the pulmonary valve

A

upper left sternal border at the level of the 2nd left intercostal space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

where can you examine the tricuspid valve

A

lower left sternal angle of the left 4th intercostal space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

where can you examine the mitral valve

A

over the apex beat point - 5th left intercostal space along the mid-clavicular line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

where do you find the carotid pulse

A

in the neck, medial to the sternocleidomastoid muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

where do you find the brachial pulse

A

2cm above the elbow joint - medially, beside/ underneath biceps tendon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

where do you find the radial pulse

A

proximal to the wrist joint, on the radial side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

where do you find the femoral pulse

A

half way between the hip and mid way in the crease in the leg and push in (and a bit up)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

where do you find the popliteal pulse

A

behind knee join, halve them bend knee, once in position ask to take their legs weight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

where do you find the posterior tibial pulse

A

inside of the leg, behind the ankle joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

where do you find the dorsalis pedis pulse

A

on the bone 3cm (ish) up between the big and 2nd toe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

how is rate calculated

A

15 seconds multiply

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

how can be rhythm described

A

regular, regularly-irregular, irregularly-irregular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what can the volume of the radial pulse be described as

A

normal, bounding, full, thread, low volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are you looking for on the hands and arms of a patient in the cardiovascular exam

A 
tar staining 
warm and sweaty hands 
peripheral cyanosis 
clubbing 
splinter haemorrhages 
capillary refill 
fine tremor
iv tract marks
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what should you be looking for when examining the head in the cardiovascular exam

A

malar flush

anaemia - lower eyelids

look for sings of xanthelasmata

corneal arcus

look for central syanosis

iron deficiency - angular sotmatits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what should you look for on the lower leg examination of the cardiovascular exam

A

pitting odema

atrial disease

varicose veind

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what should you be looking for when examining the head in the cardiovascular exam

A

malar flush

anaemia - lower eyelids

look for sings of xanthelasmata

corneal arcus

look for central cyanosis

iron deficiency - angular stomatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is xanthelasmata

A

sharply demarcated yellowish deposit of cholesterol underneath the skin - linked to atherosclerosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is corneal arcus

A

where white arcs appear on the cornea (coloured part of eye) makes the bored look fuzzy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is angular stomatitis

A

erythema and maceration (redness and broken skin) of the skin adjacent to the angle of the mouth.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what should you look for on the lower leg examination of the cardiovascular exam

A

pitting oedema

atrial disease

varicose veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

how do you examine for pitting oedema

A

inside of the leg - couple of inches above the ankle

firm pressure with thumb - for 15 seconds

should leave indentation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what are you looking for to suggest atrial disease

A

cold, smooth, hairless skin

with increased capillary refill time in the toe, and arterial leg ulcers

26
Q

how do you examine for varicose veins in the legs

A

ask the patient to stand and look on both the front and back of legs

27
Q

what is the normal range for JVP

A

under 4cm

28
Q

what does JVP stand for

A

jugular venous pulse

29
Q

how is JVP measured

A

vertical height of the flickering column from the sternal angle

30
Q

what must be done when looking for the JVP

A

the patient must be at 45 degrees

when palpated you should not feel a pulse (making sure its not the carotid)

relaxes their head and leans it to their left

31
Q

where is the JVP located

A

it lies between the sternal and clavicular heads of the sternocleidomastoid muscle

32
Q

what is the best way to see the JVP

A

from a lateral angle - even from a bit behind the patient

33
Q

what are you doing in the inspection of the precordium (front of chest) in the cardiovascular exam)

A

inspectiong palpating and ascultating

34
Q

what are you looking for on inspection of the precordium

A

any chest deformities - kyphoscoliosis or pectus excavatum

any scars

any pace maker - left infra-clavicular area

visible pulsation

35
Q

what are you examining on palpation

A

trackeal position

cardiac pacemaker

apex beat

heaves

thrills

36
Q

what are you examining on palpation

A

tracheal position

cardiac pacemaker

apex beat

heaves

thrills

37
Q

what is the apex beat

A

the most lateral and inferior palpable pulsation

38
Q

what are heaves

A

when the hand is easily lifted with the chest

39
Q

what are thrills

A

a palpable buzz - usually a systolic murmur

40
Q

how do you examine for heaves

A

press flat hand firmly on to the left side of the sternum

41
Q

how do you examine for thrills

A

place hand on apex beat and both sides of the sternum

42
Q

what are the 3 parts to auscultation during the cardiovascular exam

A

listen to all 4 valve areas (diaphragm and bell0

listen for left side systolic murmurs

listen for left side diastolic murmurs

43
Q

what is the S1 sounds

A

mitral and tricuspid valve closure (onset of systole)

44
Q

what are the S2 sounds

A

aortic and pulmonary valve closes (onset of diastole)

45
Q

when are 3rd heart sounds heard

A

heard in diastole

46
Q

when are 4th heart sounds heard

A

less common and occurs just before S1

47
Q

when should you listen for murmurs

A

listen between S1 and S2 (systolic)

listen between S2 and S1 (diastolic)

48
Q

what are the 4 valve areas

A

atrial
pulmonary
tricuspid
mitral

49
Q

what should you do when auscultating the 4 valve areas

A

palpate the carotid pulse - pulses at the same time as S1

50
Q

what to things are you listening for when looking for left side systolic murmurs

A

aortic stenosis

mitral regurgitation

51
Q

how do you examine for aortic stenosis

A

DIAPHRAGM

listen over aortic valve again, then over both carotid arteries

for murmur and high pitched injection (systolic between S1 and S2)

52
Q

how do you examine for mitral regurgitation

A

DIAPHRGM

listen again over the apex beat and then the left axilla for pansystolic murmur

53
Q

when/ how do you auscultate for bruits

A

when preforming the pheriferal pulsese

asculcultate with diaphragm over femoral and carotid

54
Q

what are bruits

A

the wooshing sound that is made whn blood rushes past a obstruction

55
Q

how do you measure radial femoral delay

A

take both the femoral and radial pulse and feel for delay - there shouldn’t be one

56
Q

how do you check for a collapsing pulse

A

find radial pulse

ask patient if they have any pain in their arm or shoulder

raise arm above head while taking pulse

57
Q

what is a pansystolic murmur

A

a murmur that last through both systole and diastole

58
Q

what are the two things examined when listening for left side diastolic murmurs

A

mitral stenosis

aortic regurgitation

59
Q

how do you examine for mitral stenosis

A

USING THE BELL

place stethoscope on apex beat - get patient to roll onto left side

and listen while the patient is holding their breath on expiration

60
Q

what would mitral stenosis sound like

A

a low pitched ‘‘rumbling’’ mid-diastolic murmur

61
Q

how would you examine for atrial regurgitation

A

USING THE DIAPHRAGM

ask the patient to sit up, and listen to the lower left sternal edge

while the patient holds their breath on expiration

FoCM (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions