Cardiovascular- The Exam: BP, Respiration, O2 Sat, and Pain Flashcards

1
Q

Normal BP

A

Systolic <120 mm Hg

Diastolic <80 mm Hg

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2
Q

Prehypertension BP

A

Systolic 120-139 mm Hg
or
Diastolic 80-89 mm Hg

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3
Q

Stage 1 Hypertension BP

A

Systolic 140-159 mm Hg
or
Diastolic 90-99 mm Hg
can also be called grade 1

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4
Q

Stage 2 Hypertension BP

A

Systolic 160-179 mm Hg
or
Diastolic 100-109 mm Hg
can also be called grade 2

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5
Q

Hypertensive crisis

A

Systolic 180+ mm Hg
or
Diastolic 110+ mm Hg
can also be called grade 3

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6
Q

What is hypotension and what may cause it?

A
  • a decrease in BP below normal; BP is not adequate for normal perfusion/oxygenation.
  • may be related to bed rest, drugs, arrhythmias, blood loss/shock, or MI
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7
Q

What is orthostatic hypotension

A
  • drop in BP that accompanies changes from supine to standing
  • To assess: take BP and HR in supine 5+ min before transfer, take BP and HR immediately upon standing, take BP and HR 3 min after standing
  • pt. is orthostatic is systolic drops > 20 mm Hg or if diastolic drops >10 mm HG
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8
Q

Common symptoms of orthostatic hypotension

A

light-headedness
dizziness
LOB
LE weakness

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9
Q

Pediatric BP range under age 2

A

Systolic 106-110 mm Hg

Diastolic 59-63 mm Hg

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10
Q

Pediatric BP range age 3-5

A

Systolic 113-116 mm Hg

Diastolic 67-74 mm Hg

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11
Q

What is Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)?

A
  • the arterial pressure w/in the large arteries over time; dependent upon mean blood flow and arterial compliance
  • calculated by systolic BP + 2(diastolic BP) then divided by 3
  • important measure in critical care (ICUs)
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12
Q

What is a normal MAP?

A

70-110 mm Hg

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13
Q

Normal adult respiration rate (RR)

A

12-20 breaths per min

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14
Q

Normal newborn RR

A

30-40 breaths per min

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15
Q

Normal child RR

A

20-30 breaths per min

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16
Q

Tachypnea

A

an increase in RR= 22+ breaths per min

17
Q

Bradypnea

A

decrease in RR = 10 or less breaths per min

18
Q

Hyperpnea

A

an increase in depth and rate of breathing

19
Q

What is dyspnea

A

SOB

20
Q

What is dyspnea on exertion (DOE)

A

SOB brought on by exercise or activity

21
Q

What is orthopnea

A

inability to breathe when in a reclining or supine position

22
Q

Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea (PND)

A

sudden inability to breathe occurring during sleep

23
Q

What is the dyspnea scale

A

the same as the modified 0-10 Borg scale

24
Q

Auscultation of the lungs- what are you assessing for

A
  • normal breath sounds
  • adventitious sounds: crackles or wheezes
  • cough
25
Q

What do crackles also known as rales sound like

A
  • rattling or bubbling sounds

- may be due to secretions in lungs

26
Q

What do wheezes also known as rhonchi sound like

A

whistling sounds

27
Q

What are you assessing when you assess a cough

A
  • productive or nonproductive
  • strong or weak
  • coordinated or uncoordinated
  • consistency and color of any secretions
28
Q

What does a pulse ox do

A
  • measure degree of saturation of hemoglobin with oxygen (SaO2)
  • normal values 95-100%
  • provides estimate of PaO2 (partial pressure of oxygen) based on oxyhemoglobin desat curve
29
Q

What is hypoxemia

A
  • abnormal low amount of O2 in blood

- O2 sat below 90% = PaO2 of 60 mm Hg

30
Q

What is hypoxia?

A

low O2 level in the tissues

31
Q

What is anoxia

A

complete lack of O2

32
Q

The origin of chest pain

A

may be cardiac or non-cardiac related

33
Q

Symptoms of ischemic cardiac pain (angina or MI)

A
  • diffuse
    -retrosternal pain
    -sensation of tightness or achiness in chest
    associated w/:
    -dyspnea
    -sweating
    -indigestion
    -dizziness
    -syncope
    -anxiety
34
Q

Angina Pain scale

A

1+ light, barely noticeable
2+ moderate, bothersome
3+ sever, very uncomfortable
4+ most severe pain experienced.