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DMD 5315 > Caries: Etiology, Detection, Progression (complete) > Flashcards

Caries: Etiology, Detection, Progression (complete) Flashcards

1
Q

Does Caries = Cavities

A

nope

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2
Q

what is the “caries” term for a cavity

A

a cavitated caries lesion

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3
Q

What is dental caries

A

an infectious disease of the oral cavity that causes an imbalance between demineralization and remineralization, favoring demineralization

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4
Q

is dental caries preventable

A

yes

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5
Q

What are the four factors that lead to dental caries

A
  1. Susceptible tooth surface
  2. Time
  3. fermentable carbohydrates
  4. Cariogenic Biofilm
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6
Q

What are some modifying factors that enhance dental caries

A 
tooth anatomy
saliva
biofilm pH
fluoride
diet
oral hygeine
immune system
Genetics
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7
Q

What is the common name for biofilm

A

plaque

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8
Q

What makes up the biofilm

A 
bacteria
bacterial byproducts
Extracellular matrix
water
(it is not food debris)
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9
Q

Where does the biofilm attach

A

the acquired pellicle

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10
Q

What does a cariogenic biofilm and fermentable carbohydrates lead to

A

ACID

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11
Q

What happens to the tooth structure when in contact with acid

A

demineralization

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12
Q

What does stephans curve demonstrate

A

how it takes a while for your oral pH to return to a normal level after consuming fermentable carbohydrates.

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13
Q

Why is time significant to dental caries

A

biofilm requires time to become mature before becoming carcinogenic
the longer and more frequent the acid attack, the more demineralization that occurs

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14
Q

which is more cariogenic, frequent carbs, or a lot of carbs

frequency or Quantity

A

Frequency is more critical that quantity

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15
Q

What is required for remineralization

A

Removal of carbs
buffering of acidic environment
supersaturation of minerals in the saliva and biofilm fluid
(it is more effective if the biofilm is removed, but not necessary)

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16
Q

What are the properties of saliva that make it natures anticaries agent

A
  1. bacterial clearance
  2. Direct antibacterial activity
  3. Buffering capacity
  4. Remineralization
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17
Q

your teeth are constantly in a repetitive cycle between demineralization and remineralization. normally there is a balance between demineralization and remineralization, what occurs when this balance shifts towards demineralization

A

Caries

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18
Q

What are the pathogenic factors that push the balance toward demineralization

A

acid-producing bacteria
sub-normal saliva flow or function
frequent eating of fermentable carbs
poor oral hygiene

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19
Q

What are the protective factors that push the balance toward remineralization

A

saliva flow and components
remineralization (fluoride, calcium, phosphate)
antibacterials
good oral hygeine

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20
Q

incipient caries lesions can be remineralized up to a certain critical point, what is the point at which a caries lesion can no longer be remineralized

A

cavitation

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21
Q

What is the key to prevention of permanent tooth damage

A

Early detection and intervention

22
Q

What is the first clinically visible sign of a caries lesion

A

a white spot lesion (can be remineralized)

23
Q

how can you tell the difference between hypocalcified enamel and an insipient caries lesion

A

the hypocalcified enamel will look the same wet and dry (white)
the insipient caries lesion will look white when dry, but it will be translucent when wet

24
Q

Why shouldn’t you firmly poke insipient caries lesion with an explorer

A

because you could cause cavitiation (irreversable tooth damage)

25
Q

What does an initial caries lesion look like on a radiograph

A

the enamel surface is still intact

26
Q

What is a class 1 caries lesion

A

Pit and fissure lesion

27
Q

What is a class 2 caries lesion

A

proximal surfaces of posterior teeth

28
Q

what is a class 3 caries lesion

A

proximal surfaces of anterior teeth

29
Q

What is a class 4 caries lesion

A

involving the proximal surfaces and the incisal edge of anterior teeth

30
Q

what is a class 5 caries lesion

A

involving the gingival 3rd of the facial or lingual surface of all teeth

31
Q

What is a class 6 caries lesion

A

involving the cusp tip or incisal edge

32
Q

what is a primary caries lesion

A

the first caries lesion in a specific location of the tooth

33
Q

What is a secondary (recurrent)caries lesion

A

the second time a tooth has had a caries lesion on the same spot of a tooth

34
Q

What are residual caries

A

caries that remains in a completed tooth restoration

35
Q

why would an operator leave residual caries

A

to avoid exposing the pulp if the caries is near the pulp

36
Q

when are residual caries not acceptable

A

when it is on the DEJ or on the prepared enamel wall

37
Q

What is an active caries lesion

A

when tooth demineralization is actively taking place

38
Q

What is an inactive caries lesion

A

AKA arrested caries, there used to be tooth demineralization, but that has stopped

39
Q

What is chronic (slow) caries

A

slow caries activity, only in a few locations in the mouth, discolored due to the length of time the caries lesions take to form

40
Q

what is acute (rampant) caries

A

rapid damage to the tooth, numerous soft, light-colored lesions, in the mouth. infectious

41
Q

What are the 4 different parts of a caries lesion that you can see on a micrograph (from superficial to deep)

A
  1. intact surface
  2. body of lesion, just below the surface
  3. Dark zone,
  4. translucent zone,
42
Q

What is the hope with repeated episodes of remineralization

A

that your tooth becomes more resistant to caries lesions with each subsequent remineraliztion episode

43
Q

What is infected dentin

A

dentin in which there is bacteria causing active caries lesions

44
Q

what in affected dentin

A

Where there is no bacteria causing caries lesions, but there is demineralization, and crystals in the dentin tubules

45
Q

what is an important difference between infected and affected dentin

A

infected dentin isn’t remineralizable, while affected dentin is

46
Q

What is reparative dentin

A

dentin formed below the lesion

47
Q

What is the difference between a pit and a fossae, and a fissure and a groove

A

pits and fissures are deeper and more susceptible to caries lesions than fossae and grooves

48
Q

What is the most common place to get a caries lesion

A

pits and fissures

49
Q

what is the 2nd most common place to get a caries lesion

A

just gingival to interproximal contacts

50
Q

what is the 3rd most common place to get a caries lesion

A

the gingival 3rd of the lingual and facial of the teeth

51
Q

Why are root caries lesions potentially more problematic than caries lesions in the enamel

A

the root has a lower mineral content
the root is less self cleansing
it is closer to the pulp

DMD 5315 (2 decks)

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