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Human Histology > Cartilage > Flashcards

Flashcards in Cartilage Deck (35)
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1
Q

What is the main function of cartilage?

A

Mechanical support for softer tissue and a joiner of hard tissue

Cushions shock

2
Q

What type of tissue models the shape of the face?

A

Cartillage

3
Q

What type of cells make cartillage?

A

Chondroblasts

4
Q

How are cells arranged in mature cartilage tissue?

A

Chondrocytes sit in holes (lacunae) of cartilage

5
Q

True or false? There are blood vessels invaginating the cartilage matrix?

A

False, there are NO blood vessels in the cartilage matrix

6
Q

What mostly comprises the cytoplasm of chondrocytes?

A

Glycogen droplets

7
Q

How do chondrocytes dispose of wastes?

A

Diffusion

8
Q

What happens if oxygen builds up in cartilage tissue?

A

Chondrocytes die

9
Q

What type of cell is most likely to be found at the edge of developing cartilage extracellular matrix?

A

Chondroblasts

10
Q

What are the three main cartilage types?

A
  • Hyaline cartilage
  • Elastic cartilage
  • Fibrocartilage
11
Q

What type of protein(s) primarily compose hyaline cartilage?

A

Type II collagen with proteoglycans

12
Q

What type of protein fibre primarily composes elastic cartilage?

A

Elastin

13
Q

What is the general structure of hyaline cartilage?

A

Protein collagen fibril backbones run through it, glycans form side chains that are rich in water and form a gel

14
Q

What is the connective tissue layer around cartilage matrix called?

A

The perichondrium

15
Q

What type of connective tissue forms the perichondrium of cartilage matrix? What type of collagen is prevalent?

A

Dense irregular with type I collagen fibres

16
Q

What is the function of perichondrium to cartilage tissue?

A

Attaches cartilage to whatever substrate is nearby

17
Q

What type of cartilage surrounds the trachea?

A

Hyaline cartilage, strong enough to keep it open all the time

18
Q

What type of cartilage is found at joints?

A

Articular cartilage

- A type of hyaline cartilage that doesn’t have a perichondrium

19
Q

What type of tissues comprise the epiglottis?

A

Elastic cartilage covered by epithelium

20
Q

What type of cartilage comprises the nose and ears?

A

Elastic cartilage

21
Q

Where is fibrocartilage found?

A

In places that deal with a heavy load, such as knee joints, vertebrae and pubic bone.

22
Q

What is the ground substance of cartilage composed of? (2)

A
  • Macromolecules

- Fibres

23
Q

How are collagen fibres arranged in articular hyaline cartilage of the joints?

A

Near the articular surface collagen fibres run parallel to the surface. Near the bone (where calcified cartilage can be found), the cartilage runs perpendicular to the surface.

24
Q

What determines the physical properties of cartilage?

A

Electrostatic bonds between the flexible collagen and elastin fibers and the GAGs on densely packed proteoglycans.

25
Q

Out of the three main types of cartilage, which is mostly likely to be found in body regions subject to pulling forces?

A

Fibrocartilage, (eg. cartilage of intervertebral disks)

26
Q

What is analogous of the perichondrium in articular cartilage?

A

The perichondrium is dense connective tissue that normally surrounds cartilage and provides nutrients be diffusion. Articular cartilage in joints don’t have a perichondrium, but they do have synovial fluid, which can circulate and provide nutrients by diffusion.

27
Q

Where is hylanine cartilage found in the body?

A
  • The articular surfaces of moveable joints
  • Walls of the respiratory passages
  • Ventral ends of rib, articulating with the sternum
  • Epiphyseal plates of long bones, for longitudinal bone growth
28
Q

What type of cartilage forms the temporary skeletons of embryos that are replaced by bone?

A

Hylanine cartilage

29
Q

What is the most abundant proteoglycan in hyaline cartilage?

A

Aggrecan

30
Q

What does aggrecan do in hyaline cartilage ECM?

A

As the most abundant proteoglycan, it binds together type II collagen fibrils. It is attached to a hyaluronic acid core that runs between two collagen fibrils

31
Q

List some areas of the body where you will find elastic cartilage

A
  • auricle of the ear
  • walls of external auditory canal
  • Epiglottis
  • cruneiform cartilage in the larynx

Elastic cartilage in thesse locations includes a perichondrium similar to that of most hyaline cartilage (articular cartilage being the exception)

32
Q

Which type of cartilage is basically a combination of hyaline cartilage and dense connective tissue?

A

Fibrocartilage

33
Q

Does fibrocartillage contain a distinct perichondrium?

A

No, hyaline-like cartilage and dense connective tissue blend into each other with no clear border.

34
Q

What do chondroblasts look like in developing cartilage tissue?

A

A group of many chondroblasts together. As they secrete ECM they will isolate themselves and become chondrocytes

35
Q

What two types of growth are observed in cartilage tissue?

A
  • Interstitial growth, from dividing chondroblasts

- Appositional growth, differentiation of new chondroblasts from the perichondrium