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Geography Paper 1 > Case Studies > Flashcards

Case Studies Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the height of tsunami walls in Japan?

A

10m high

Japan has implemented tsunami walls to mitigate tsunami impacts.

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2
Q

What kind of early warning systems does Japan have?

A

Early warning systems

These systems help alert the population before a tsunami or earthquake occurs.

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3
Q

What was the corruption level and impact of the Haiti earthquake?

A

High corruption, 250,000 dead, $11 billion loss

Haiti’s governance issues contributed to the devastation during the earthquake.

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4
Q

What was the death toll and economic loss from the Japan earthquake?

A

20,000 dead, $240 billion loss

Japan’s effective governance led to lower casualties despite the magnitude of the earthquake.

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5
Q

What was the magnitude of the earthquake in Japan?

A

9.0

This was one of the most powerful earthquakes recorded.

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6
Q

What was the magnitude of the earthquake in Haiti?

A

7.0

The earthquake in Haiti was significant but less powerful than Japan’s.

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7
Q

How many people were homeless in Nepal after the earthquake?

A

3 million homeless

This represented 1/2 of Nepal’s population at the time.

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8
Q

What was the number of homeless individuals in Japan after the earthquake?

A

130,000 homeless

The response systems in Japan were effective in managing the aftermath.

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9
Q

What is the GDP of Iceland?

A

$31.3 billion

Iceland had no deaths during the significant seismic events.

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10
Q

What natural disaster frequency is noted for the Philippines?

A

15 typhoons annually

The Philippines is categorized as a multihazard zone due to frequent natural disasters.

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11
Q

What significant event is marked on September 1st in Japan?

A

Earthquake day

This day serves as a reminder of earthquake preparedness.

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12
Q

What geological feature is associated with hotspot lava diversion?

A

Hawaii

This method is used to manage lava flows during eruptions

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13
Q

What type of plate boundary is destructive?

A

Destructive

An example is the Nyriagongo eruption, which left 120,000 homeless.

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14
Q

What type of plate boundary is constructive?

A

Constructive

Iceland’s 2010 eruption produced an ash cloud with significant carbon emissions.150,000-300,000 tonnes daily

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15
Q

How much warning time did Japan’s early warning system provide?

A

Up to 90 seconds

This quick response time can be critical in saving lives.

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16
Q

What tools did Montserrat use for earthquake prediction?

A

Seismographs, GPS

These tools helped in the evacuation of ¾ of the population.

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17
Q

How much was spent on Groynes, sea wall, and rock armour in Mornsea?

A

£1.9 million

This investment was aimed at coastal protection.

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18
Q

What is the projected loss in revenue for Mappelton due to the loss of 427 caravan pitches by 2025?

A

£2.1-3 million

This financial impact highlights the economic consequences of coastal erosion.

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19
Q

What negative impact did hard engineering in Hornsea have?

A

Caused erosion in Mappelton

This demonstrates the interconnectedness of coastal management strategies.

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20
Q

What is the annual erosion rate in Mappelton before hard engineering?

A

2.0m

This high rate emphasizes the urgency for effective coastal management.

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21
Q

What was the reduced erosion rate in Mappelton after hard engineering?

A

0.2m a year

This reduction shows the effectiveness of hard engineering solutions.

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22
Q

What percentage of the population lives on the coastline in Bangladesh?

A

80%

This demographic detail highlights the vulnerability of coastal communities.

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23
Q

How many people were displaced annually in Bangladesh due to coastal issues?

A

200,000 people

Displacement due to environmental factors is a significant humanitarian issue.

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24
Q

What is the average storm surge height in Bangladesh?

A

3-10m

This information is critical for understanding the risks faced by coastal populations.

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25
What is the sea level rise rate in Kiribati?
2mm a year ## Footnote This rate is faster than the global average, indicating increased vulnerability.
26
How much land does Bangladesh lose annually due to sea level rise?
5-10km of land ## Footnote Such land loss has severe implications for agriculture and habitation.
27
What was the effect of the 2004 Boxing Day earthquake on the sea floor?
Rose sea floor by 5m ## Footnote This tectonic uplift has long-term implications for coastal geography.
28
What is the rate of beach nourishment in East Sussex?
50,000m³ annually ## Footnote This practice is essential to counteract coastal erosion.
29
What was the financial investment for beach nourishment in West Sussex?
£28 million ## Footnote This investment aims to protect 950 homes along the coast.
30
What is the erosion rate on the Gower Peninsula in South Wales?
0.3 - 0.5m a year ## Footnote This ongoing erosion poses risks to infrastructure and ecosystems.
31
Fill in the blank: Storm surges in Bangladesh can reach _______.
3-10m
32
True or False: 60% of wells in Kiribati are affected by saltwater intrusion.
False ## Footnote Only 60 wells are affected, not 60%.
33
What coastal management practice is used in Studland Bay, Dorset?
Marram grass planting ## Footnote This ecological approach helps stabilize sand dunes.
34
What percentage of carbon sinks deeper into the ocean?
30%
35
How much carbon do oceans absorb compared to the atmosphere?
60X more than the atmosphere
36
What is the total carbon storage in the ocean in GTC?
38,000 GTC
37
How many tonnes of carbon do coral reefs absorb?
111 tonnes of carbon
38
How much carbon is stored in the lithosphere?
Over 100 million GTC
39
What percentage of the lithosphere's carbon is in limestone?
80%
40
How many tonnes of CO2 do mangroves sequester per year?
1.5 million tonnes of CO2
41
What temperature increase does the Paris Agreement aim to limit?
1.5°C
42
What was the pH of oceans in 2015?
8.1
43
What was the pH of oceans before 2015?
8.2
44
How many tonnes of CO2 are emitted globally each day?
100 million tonnes
45
What percentage of global CO2 emissions come from combustion?
90%
46
How many tonnes of CO2 did the Iceland 2010 eruption emit daily?
150,000 - 300,000 tonnes
47
What percentage of Brazilian cars are flex fuel engines?
90%
48
What percentage of CO2 emissions are tested in the US by carbon capture?
90%
49
How many hectares of forest does Brazil aim to restore by 2030?
12 million hectares
50
What percentage of Costa Rica's land is forested?
50%
51
What percentage of Australia's water does the Murray Darling Basin account for?
70%
52
What is the size of the Chapel Lane solar farm?
Size of 175 football pitches
53
How much less CO2 do biofuels emit compared to petrol?
80% less CO2
54
How tall are the wind turbines in Hornsea?
190m high
55
How many homes do the Hornsea wind turbines provide power for?
1 million homes
56
What percentage of China's energy is non-renewable?
60%
57
What percentage of global CO2 emissions does China account for?
30%
58
What is the cost of the Hinkley Point solar energy project?
£18 billion
59
What percentage of the UK's energy is imported?
60%
60
What was the percentage of gas in the UK's energy mix in 2019?
40%
61
What is the projected percentage of gas in the UK's energy mix in 2024?
26%
62
What percentage of the world's oil reserves does OPEC control?
81%
63
What country has the world's highest energy demand?
China
64
What percentage of coal does China use for its energy needs?
60.5%
65
How many hydropower stations are there in Norway?
600
66
What percentage of Norway's energy comes from hydropower?
43%
67
What is Norway's domestic energy export percentage?
89%
68
By what percentage has the absorption capacity of the Amazon fallen?
50%
69
How many illegal miners have invaded the Yanomami people in the Amazon?
200,000
70
What is the estimated loss of tourism in the Great Barrier Reef?
$760 million
71
Fill in the blank: Norway has ______ hydropower stations.
600
72
True or False: 43% of Norway's energy comes from hydropower.
True
73
Fill in the blank: The domestic energy export percentage for Norway is ______.
89%
74
True or False: The absorption capacity of the Amazon has increased by 50%.
False
75
Fill in the blank: The Great Barrier Reef has suffered a loss of ______ in tourism.
$760 million
76
What percentage less precipitation was recorded in the Murray Darling region?
50% less precipitation ## Footnote This statistic highlights severe water shortages in the region.
77
By what percentage has the frequency of water shortages increased over the last 50 years?
60% ## Footnote This increase indicates a significant trend in water scarcity.
78
What is the projected total warming by 2050?
Over 2° ## Footnote This warming projection relates to climate change impacts.
79
What fraction of snow in the Himalayas is projected to be lost if greenhouse gases continue to rise?
2/3 ## Footnote This loss has serious implications for water supply.
80
How much ice is lost annually in the Himalayas?
15cm ## Footnote This statistic reflects the impact of climate change on glaciers.
81
How many countries are projected to experience high water stress by 2040?
33 countries ## Footnote This indicates a looming global water crisis.
82
How much funding is projected to be sent to the North by 2050?
$44.8 billion ## Footnote This funding is likely for water management projects.
83
How many people were relocated due to water management projects?
345,000 people ## Footnote This reflects the scale of infrastructure projects.
84
What is the annual energy generation of the 3 Gorges Dam?
95-112 TWh ## Footnote This highlights the dam's significance in energy production.
85
How much land was flooded due to the 3 Gorges Dam?
600km ## Footnote This illustrates the environmental impact of large dams.
86
What percentage of water supply in Israel was provided by desalination by 2020?
70% ## Footnote This reflects advancements in water management technology.
87
What is the annual CO2 emission from desalination in Israel?
2.574 million tonnes ## Footnote This indicates the environmental costs associated with desalination.
88
What is the projected annual increase in precipitation in Yukon by 2100?
5-20% ## Footnote This suggests changing weather patterns in the region.
89
What is the projected global increase of precipitation by 2100?
16-24% ## Footnote This statistic reflects global climate changes.
90
By what percentage did global evaporation increase between 2003 and 2019?
10% ## Footnote This increase can impact water availability.
91
What percentage of the Colorado River is used by the US?
90% ## Footnote This highlights transboundary water management issues.
92
What treaty helped prevent conflict over water in Pakistan and India?
Indus Water Treaty ## Footnote This treaty is significant for regional cooperation.
93
What convention exists for the River Nile?
1997 UN water courses convention ## Footnote Not all countries are signatories, leading to conflicts.
94
What conflict is associated with the GERD dam on the River Nile?
River Nile GERD dam conflict ## Footnote This represents ongoing disputes over water resources.
95
How many people does fishing support each year?
500 million people ## Footnote This underscores the importance of aquatic resources.
96
What was the rainfall recorded in Cumbria in 2015 over 24 hours?
350mm ## Footnote This extreme weather event caused significant damage.
97
What was the cost of the flooding in Cumbria in 2015?
$50 million ## Footnote This reflects the economic impact of severe weather.
98
How many homes were lost due to the flooding in Cumbria in 2015?
5,000 homes ## Footnote This highlights the human impact of flooding.
99
What percentage of the Amazon is projected to be lost by 2023?
33% ## Footnote Deforestation has serious ecological consequences.
100
What environmental issue has been reported numerous times alongside deforestation?
Flooding ## Footnote This connection emphasizes the impact of land use changes.
101
What significant event occurred in 2007 in the UK related to urbanisation?
The 2007 UK floods affected 48,500 homes in Hull and Sheffield ## Footnote This event highlights the impact of urbanisation on flooding.
102
What did a local resident say about groynes in Mappelton?
“Groynes can be unsightly”
103
How many homes will be lost along the Holderness?
200 in next 80 years
104
What does Kilnsea have to protect coastline?
No protection, houses and farms relocated if protection in place, used CBA
105
How much has the coastline eroded in Kilnsea?
2.0 highs of 2.75m
106
How many homes have been protected along the Holderness coastline?
120 homes
107
How many families does floating agriculture provide for?
15,000 families
108
How many meters above sea level is Kiribati?
<2m
109
How many mm does sea level rise in Kiribati a year
2mm (faster than global average)
110
What height are sea walls in Kiribati?
1m homemade sea walls, storm surge averages are 2m
111
How much of the capital in Kiribati has been eroded?
15m
112
Where is there beach nourishment but still erosion?
Hampshire still erodes 1m a year
113
How many people live in poverty on the Nile delta?
29.7%, sea level rises 5mm a year
114
Give an example of environmentally impact assessment?
West Sussex 3km new embankments
115
How much block failiures is there in Monmouth beach in a single storm?
2-3km
116
What is sea temperature in some regions?
1.5degrees above preindustrial temperature
117
What percentage of the Colorado river is owned by the US?
90% major dam e.g. hoover dam
118
Give an example of a water treaty
Helsinki, countires sharing the Danuble river fostered long term cooperation

Geography Paper 1 (11 decks)

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