CBE Drugs Flashcards
Drugs to treat hypertension
ACE inhibitors: (lisinopril)
any drugs that end with -pril
Inhibits:
ACE is part of the RAAS system (conversion of AngI to AngII): vasoconstriction
Drugs to lower Cholesterol
Statin: enzyme inhibitor
1. Decrease cholesterol synthesis (primarily in the liver)
2. Due to reduced cholesterol synthesis, cells will increase LDL-Receptor, enhanced LDL uptake/clearance.
Drugs that relieves Insulin Resistance
Metformin:
1. Inhibits gluconeogenesis (decrease plasma glucose).
2. Sensitises insulin in peripheral tissues.
Drug to reduce Ca2+ reabsorption
Furosemide:
reduce Ca2+ reabsorption in the distal tubule.
Need to be hydrated
Drugs to inhibit osteoclast action
- glucocorticoid
- Bisphophonates (especially in malignancies, binding to osteoclasts leading to apoptosis)
- calcitonin
Restriction of calcimimetic drugs to cure hypercalcaemia
parathyroid carcinomas.
Drug to treat ethanol, methanol, ethylene glycol toxicity
High anion gap due to increased unmeasured negatively charged acids.
Mostly due to drug overdose.
fomepizole (inhibits drug conversion to acids)
digoxin
Treat cardiac problems: (atrial fibrillation and heart failure)
- decrease heart rate
- increase contraction force
complication of digoxin and potassium levels
hypokalaemia is associated with digoxin overdose and toxicity.
Arrythmias
IV vs oral dose
Some drugs are inactivated by CYP enzymes.
some are activated
drugs inactivated by CYP
propranolol, some statins
drugs activated by CYP
tamoxifen
beta blocker example
propranolol
beta blocker and graves disease
rapid heart rate, tremors, and anxiety,
TPMT
an enzyme that inactivates drug metabolites.
- high TPMT in caucassian
- low TPMT in african
