Cell Flashcards Preview

Week 2 Cell Stuff > Cell > Flashcards

Flashcards in Cell Deck (42)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

5 phases of mitosis or cell cycle

A
  1. Interphase
  2. Prophase
  3. Metaphase
  4. Anaphase
  5. Telophase
2
Q

What are the 3 phases of interphase

A

G1, S, G2

3
Q

G1

A

The cells grow

4
Q

S phase

A

A copy of DNA will be created

5
Q

G2

A

Prepares for nucleus to divide

6
Q

Interphase

A
  • longest phase

- has 3 phases

7
Q

Prophase

A
  • DNA condenses into chromosomes
  • nuclear membrane breaks down
  • centrioles begins to produce spindle fibres
8
Q

Metaphase

A

Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell and spindle fibres attach to them

9
Q

Anaphase

A

Sister chromatids break apart and pull towards the poles

10
Q

Telophase

A
  • Chromosomes dissolve
  • cell pinches at the middle
  • nuclear membrane reappears
11
Q

Cytokines

A

Cell division separating 1 parent cell into 2 daughter cells

12
Q

What are the 9 cell organelles

A
  1. Lysosomes
  2. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
  3. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
  4. Nucleus
  5. Nucleolus
  6. Mitochondria
  7. Ribosomes
  8. Golgi apparatus
  9. Vacuoles
13
Q

Vacuoles

A
  • surrounded by a thin membrane and filled with fluid

- function is to store water and waste

14
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

Structure- membrane bound organelle made up of a series of flattened stacked pouches
Function- repack proteins from rough er into vesicles

15
Q

Ribosomes

A

Structure- tiny dots on we and in the cytoplasm

Function- read rna and synthesize protein

16
Q

Nucleus

A

Brain of cell
Structure- membrane sac in a eukaryote cell
Function- to contain and protect DNA

17
Q

Nucleolus

A

Structure- small circular structure within the nucleus

Function- to help build proteins

18
Q

Mitochondria

A

Powerhouse cell
Structure- has 2 layers and is folded on the inside
Function- produces energy in the form of ATP

19
Q

Rough endoplasmic reticulum (er)

A

Structure- folded membranes that look like a transport system
Function- produce proteins

20
Q

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (er)

A

Structure- folded membranes that look like a transport system
Function- produce enzymes and lipids

21
Q

Lysosomes

A

Structure- membrane bound organelles

Function- brwakdown and digest old cell parts

22
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

Function- to give the cell support and help with movement

23
Q

Microtubules

A

Used to make cilia flagella

24
Q

Intermediate fibres

A

Help structure and support the cell

25
Q

Microfilaments

A

(Actin) movement and shape

26
Q

What are the 3 components of the cytoskeleton

A
  1. Microtubules
  2. Intermediate fibres
  3. Microfilaments
27
Q

Plasma membrane (cell membrane)

A

Structure- thin layer that surrounds the cell

Function- help with protection, transportation, communication

28
Q

What are the 2 processes of protein synthesis

A
  1. Transcription

2. Translation

29
Q

Transcription

A

mRNA takes the place of DNA

30
Q

Translation

A

mRNA brings the “message” to the ribosomes to start making protein

31
Q

What are the 7 ways things get in and out of cells

A
  1. Diffusion
  2. Osmosis
  3. Facilitated diffusion
  4. Filtration
  5. Active transport
  6. Endocytosis
  7. Exocytosis
32
Q

Diffusion

A

When things move from high concentration to low concentration

33
Q

Osmosis

A

The movement of a molecule through a semi permeable membrane (high to low)

34
Q

Facilitated diffusion (think tunnel)

A

Uses a channel protein as a passageway (high to low)

35
Q

Filtration

A

Removal of toxins and waste through the kidney

36
Q

Active transport

A

Movement of molecules across a cell membrane from low to high concentration (takes energy)

37
Q

Endocytosis

A

Brings in larger objects to the cell (takes energy)

38
Q

Exocytosis

A

The cell expels an object (takes energy)

39
Q

Phagocytosis

A

Eating of solid molecules

40
Q

Pinocytosis

A

Taking in of liquid molecules

41
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Everything in the cell membrane

42
Q

Cytosol

A

Gooey stuff (mostly water)