Cell And Transport

Question 1

Cytoplasm

Answer 1

= Liquid gel in which most of the chemical reactions take place.

Question 2

Cell Membrane

Answer 2

Selectively-permeable, controls movement of material in and out of cell.

Question 3

Cell Wall

Answer 3

= Support + protection of plant cell (e.g. Stops cell bursting when turgid).

Question 4

Mitochondria

Answer 4

= “powerhouse” of the cell (produces ATP by respiration)

Question 5

Nucleus

Answer 5

= The control centre of the cell, contains genetic information.

Question 6

Ribosome

Answer 6

= Production of proteins

Question 7

Chloroplasts

Answer 7

= Uses energy to make food (glucose) by photosynthesis

Question 8

Permanent Vacuole

Answer 8

= Stores food + waste in plants

Question 9

Lysosome

Answer 9

= Special type of vacuole that breaks down old cell parts and large molecules

Question 10

ER

Answer 10

= Transport of chemicals and proteins within a cell

Question 11

Golgi

Answer 11

= Modifies protein to make them functional; + transport proteins within cells

Question 12

Cytoskeleton

Answer 12

= Support structure within cells (skeleton) made up of protein

Question 13

Organ

Answer 13

= a collection of tissues that perform a specific function within a cell

Question 14

Organism

Answer 14

= a living being

Question 15

Organelle

Answer 15

= a functional structure in a cell

Question 16

Organ system

Answer 16

= collection of organs that perform a specific function within an organism

Question 17

Tissue

Answer 17

= collection of connected cells that perform a similar function within an organism

Question 18

Cell

Answer 18

= the structural unit of an organism any exist as independent life

Question 19

Nerve Cell (Functions)

Answer 19

= Transmission of nervous stimuli

Question 20

Nerve Cell (Adaptations)

Answer 20

Very long axon
Nerurotransmittor synapses 
Myelin Sheath (Insulation)

Question 21

Ciliated Cell (Functions)

Answer 21

=Clearing the airways

Question 22

Ciliated Cell (Adaptation)

Answer 22

Cilia that beat back + forth to move material

E.g. Sweep mucus with trapped dust and bacteria along to throat where it is swallowed

Question 23

Sperm Cell (Function)

Answer 23

=Fertilisation of Egg

Question 24

Sperm Cell (Adaptation)

Answer 24

Small with tail for movement
Many mitochondria
Acrosome with enzymes to digest egg membrane Genetic information (23 pairs)

Question 25

Egg Cell (Function)

Answer 25

=Fertilisation

Question 26

Egg Cell (Adaptation)

Answer 26

Large and bulky | Contain food for developing embryo - yolk(food storage) Genetic information

Question 27

Red Blood Cells (Function)

Answer 27

=Transportation of Oxygen

Question 28

Red Blood Cells (Adaptation)

Answer 28

``` Contains haemogoblin which binds oxygen No nucleus (more space for haemogoblin) ```

Question 29

White Blood Cells (Function)

Answer 29

Destruction of Pathogens

Question 30

White Blood Cells (Adaptations)

Answer 30

Some produce antibodies (large nucleus) Some can change shape quickly to engulf bacteria Have flexible cytoskeleton

Question 31

Muscle Cells (Functions)

Answer 31

Contraction

Question 32

Muscle Cells (Adaptations)

Answer 32

Long and flexible | Lots of mitochondria

Question 33

Fat Cells (Functions)

Answer 33

Store fat source of energy

Question 34

Fat Cells (Adaptations)

Answer 34

Little cytoplasm so that there is a lot of fat storage space Few mitochondria Synapse that transmits signals to optic nerve

Question 35

Skin Cells (Functions)

Answer 35

Protection | Heat Regulation

Question 36

Skin Cells (Adaptations)

Answer 36

Pigment to absorb UV | Hair for insulation

Question 37

Palisade Cells (Functions)

Answer 37

Photosynthesis

Question 38

Palisade Cells (Adaptations)

Answer 38

Have root hair to increase surface area Large permanent vacuole Close to xylem (water transport)

Question 39

Guard Cells (Functions)

Answer 39

Controlling of openning and closing of stomata

Question 40

Guard Cells (Adaptations)

Answer 40

Can take up and release water by osmosis to open and close stomata Thickened cell wall

Question 41

Rod and Cone Cells (Functions)

Answer 41

Photoreceptic Vision

Question 42

Rod and Cone Cells (Adaptations)

Answer 42

Contains vision pigment that detect light Many mitochondria Synapse that transmits signals to the optic nerve

Question 43

High Solute Outside (Plant Cell)

Answer 43

Plasmolysed

Question 44

Normal Solute Outside (Plant Cell)

Answer 44

Flaccid

Question 45

Low Solute Outside (Plant Cell)

Answer 45

Turgid

Question 46

High Solute Outside (Animal Cell)

Answer 46

Crenated

Question 47

Normal Solute Outside (Animal Cell)

Answer 47

Normal

Question 48

Low Solute Outside (Animal Cell)

Answer 48

Lysed

Question 49

Same Concentration

Answer 49

Isotonic

Question 50

Lower Concentration

Answer 50

Hypotonic

Question 51

Higher Concentration

Answer 51

Hypertonic