Cell Growth and Division Flashcards
(22 cards)
HeLa Cells
An immortal cell type used in research. Taken from a cancer patient but they have survived for years after her death.
Cancer
Uncontrolled cell growth.
Cell culture
Process by which cells are grown outside of their normal environment.
Mitosis
Process in which a cell separates its chromosomes into two identical sets, normally followed by cytokinesis.
Cytokinesis
Cytoplasm of a cell is divided into two daughter cells, this is where the organelles are split for the new cells.
Somatic cells
Normal body cell
Gametes
Sex cells
Zygote
Initial cell formed when two gametes join in reproduction.
Reductive Division
Special cell division used for sexual reproduction.
Chromatin
Combo of DNA and proteins that make up the contents of the cell nucleus.
Chromosomes
Organized (X) structure of DNA and protein found in cells.
Sister chromatids
Two identical copies of chromatid.
Centromere
Part of chromosome that links sister chromatids.
Interphase
Makes up most of the cells life, time in which the cell prepares for division along with performing normal activities.
Prophase
Period in which the chromatic condenses into the Chromosomes.
Metaphase
Chromosomes align in the middle of the cell before being separated into two daughter cells.
Anaphase
Chromosomes split and the sister chromatids move to opposite poles.
Telophase
Two nuclei form in new cells and the chromosomes begin to unwind into chromatin again.
Cleavage furrow
The indentation on the cells surface which begins cleavage (process that many cells use for cytokinesis.)
Cell plate
Formed during the cytokinesis of plants.
Diploid
Cells have two homologous pairs of each chromosome.
Binary Fission
Produces two separate cells, populations or species. Fission is the subdivision of a cell in which those subdivision regenerate into full cells.
