Cell Injury

Question 1

mcc cell injury

Answer 1

hypoxia

Question 2

mcc hypoxia

Answer 2

ischemic

Question 3

types of hypoxia

Answer 3

ischemic
hypoxic
cytotoxic
anemic

Question 4

metaplasia ; types

Answer 4

change of 1 adult mature cell into another
epithelial = mc squamous
columnar
mesenchymal = muscle to bone/cartilage/vessels

Question 5

squamous metaplasia eg

Answer 5

respiratory epi d/t smoking
git epi d/t stones

Question 6

columnar metaplasia eg

Answer 6

barrett esophagus squamous to non ciliated mucinous columnar epithelium

Question 7

barret eso. HALLMARK

Answer 7

goblet cells

Question 8

barret eso is pre malignant T/F

Answer 8

T = adenocarcinoma of eso

Question 9

autophagy pathway; types; marker

Answer 9

ubiquitine proteosome pathway
chaperone mediated;microautophagy;macroautophagy

LC 3 marker

Question 10

reversible cell injury

Answer 10

first ion = Na+
earliest manifestation = i. cell swelling Hydropic change
ii. mitochondrial swelling
iii. fatty change

Question 11

irreversible cell injury
1. first ion
2. hallmark feature
3. enzymes activated

Answer 11

1. Ca2+
2. Amorphous/ Flocculent densities
3. ATPase;Protease;Phospholipase; Endonuclease/ DNAse

Question 12

nucleus damage seen in irreversible cell injury

Answer 12

1. PYKNOSIS = chromatin condensation
2. KARYORRHEXIS = chromatin fragmentation
3. KARYOLYSIS =chromatin dissolution

Question 13

Necrosis vs Apoptosis

Answer 13

• Necrosis = Patholgical
  group of cells
  cell size inc
  plasma membrane damage
  inflammation +
  HALLMARK = Karyolysis
• Apoptosis Physiological > patho
  single cell n group of cells
  cell size dec
  pm remains intact
  inflmtn -
  HALLMARK = Pyknosis

Question 14

mc type of necrosis

Answer 14

coagulative necrosis

Question 16

Types of Necrosis

Answer 16

1. coagulative
2. liquefactive
3. caseous
4. fat
5. fribrinoid

Question 17

Coagulative Necrosis

Answer 17

• mc type
• d/t protein denaturation
• seen in all solid organs except brain
• tomb stone/ moth eaten appearance
• dry gangrene

Question 18

Liquefactive Necrosis

Answer 18

• aka Colliquative
• seen in brain and abscess
• d/t enzymatic digestion
• fungal ifct
• wet gangrene

Question 19

Caseous

Answer 19

1. cheese like
2. granulomatous
3. seen in TB; Histoplasmosis; Coccidomycosis

Question 20

Fat Necrosis

Answer 20

• traumatic
• enzymatic eg. acute pancreatitis
  saponification/ chalky white

Question 21

fIBRINOID

Answer 21

• depsit of Fibrin a
• type II/III HSN
• eg. vasculitis; rhematoid carditis (aschoff bodies)
  ; mal. htn