Cell Organelles Flashcards
What is the Cell Theory?
There are 3 parts.
- All living organisms are made of one or more cells.
- The cell is the basic organizational unit of life.
- All cells come from pre-existing cells.
What are the 2 basic types of cells?
- Prokaryotes (prokaryotic cells)
- Cells that DON’T have a nucleus (e.g. bacteria) - Eukaryotes (eukaryotic cells)
- Cells that DO have a nucleus and other organelles (e.g. plant cells and animal cells)
What does Organelle mean?
“little organ”
What is a cytoplasm?
A gel like substance that fills cellular space that contains organelles.
What is a Cell Membrane?
Controls the flow of materials in & out of the cell.
What is a Nucleus?
Control centre of the cell.
- Contains DNA
- Surrounded by a double membrane
- Usually easiest organelle to see under microscope
- Usually one per cell
What is a cytoskeleton?
Acts as skeleton and muscle.
- Provides shape and structure
- Helps move organelles around the cell
- Made of 3 types of filaments
What is Endoplasmic Reticulum?
Connected to nuclear membrane.
- Highway of the cell
- Rough ER (acronym for term): studded with ribosomes; it makes proteins
- Smooth ER: no ribosomes; it makes lipids
What is a Ribosome?
Site of protein synthesis (making).
- Attached to rough ER or floating free in cytosol
- Produced in part of nucleus called the “nucleolus”
What is Golgi Apparatus?
Looks like sack of potatoes.
- Stores, modifies and packages proteins
- Molecules transported to and from the Golgi by means of vesicles
- Also called “golgi complex” or “golgi body”
What are Lysosomes?
Garbage disposal of the cell.
- Contain digestive enzymes that break down wastes
What is Mitochondria?
“Powerhouse of the cell”
- Cellular respiration occurs here to release energy for the cell to use
- Bound by double membrane
- Has own strand of DNA
What is a Chloroplast?
Found only in plant cells.
- Contains green pigment chlorophyll
- Site of food (glucose) production
- Bound by a double membrane
What is a Cell Wall?
Found in plant and bacterial cells.
- Rigid, protective barrier
- Helps cell maintain its shape
- Located outside of cell membrane
- Made of cellulose (fiber)
What are Vacuoles?
- Large central vacuole usually in plant cells
- Many smaller vacuoles in animal cells
- Storage container for water, food, enzymes, wastes, pigments, etc.
