Cell structure 1-22.2015 Flashcards Preview

Pathophysiology 168 > Cell structure 1-22.2015 > Flashcards

Flashcards in Cell structure 1-22.2015 Deck (22)
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1
Q

What is the function of the cell membrane?

A

selectively permeable layer of cells that surround inter cellular contents and control movement of substances into and out of cell

2
Q

What is the function of the mitochondria?

A

they function as the metobolic center of the cell producing ATP

3
Q

What is the function of the nucleus?

A

to contain genetic material both DNA and RNA.

4
Q

What surrounds the nucleus?

A

the nuclear envelope a membrane and then the cytoplasm

5
Q

What contains the RNA inside the nucleus?

A

spherical intranucler structures called nucleoli

6
Q

What is the function of the peroxisomes?

A

to nuetalize toxins such as etoh and are found in the liver

7
Q

What is the function of the lysosomes?

A

to be membrane bound vesicles that contain digestive enzymes to digest organic debris inside cells

8
Q

What is the function of the golgi complex?

A

involved in the synthesis and packaging of various carbs and complex protiens such as enzymes

9
Q

What is the function of the rough endoplasmic rectilium?

A

involved in building protiens

10
Q

What is the function of the smooth enfoplasmic rectillium?

A

involved in building lipids (fats) such as those found in cell walls

11
Q

What is the function of the Ribosomes?

A

contain RNA and control cellular activities by attaching to endoplasmic rectilium to form rough endoplasmic rectilium and create protiens.

12
Q

Cellular energy sources

A

Glycolysis, Anaerobic, Aerobic metabolism citric acid cycle, electron transport chain

13
Q

What is the difference between apoptosis and necrosis?

A

Apoptosis is the programmed death of cells in which the old cells die and then they are replaced by new ones contents are recycled into other cells. Necrosis is the non programmed death and the when the cells die they are unable to be recycled and cause death of pther cells around them

14
Q

Define atrophy

A

The shrinking of the size of a cell, group of cells or tissue as a result of cell stressors.

15
Q

Define Hypertrophy

A

An increase in the size of a cell, group of cells or tissue as a result of an abundance of products.

16
Q

Define Hyperplasia

A

An increase int he actual number of cells in a tissue or organ that doesnt change the function or arrangemnt. example callus

17
Q

Define dysplasia

A

an alteration of the size, shape and orginzation of the cells most often epitheleal cells. example cervical dysplasia from HPV

18
Q

Define Metaplasia

A

reversible cellular adaptation in which one adult cell is replaced by another adult cell.

19
Q

Define Hypoxic injury

A

decrease in oxygen supply to a cell. The cells create free radicals which are molocules that are missing one electron in their valence shell which makes them search for a free electron thereby damaging other cells around it.

20
Q

Define Chemical Injury

A

the damage of cells from ingestion of chemicals

21
Q

Define infectious injury

A

Injury to a cell as a result of an invasion of a foreign bacteria, fungi or virus.

22
Q

Define Immunologic and inflammatory injury

A

A cellular injury as a result of the body’s attempt to react to a situation such as an infection or physical injury.