What is the function of the cell membrane?
selectively permeable layer of cells that surround inter cellular contents and control movement of substances into and out of cell
What is the function of the mitochondria?
they function as the metobolic center of the cell producing ATP
What is the function of the nucleus?
to contain genetic material both DNA and RNA.
What surrounds the nucleus?
the nuclear envelope a membrane and then the cytoplasm
What contains the RNA inside the nucleus?
spherical intranucler structures called nucleoli
What is the function of the peroxisomes?
to nuetalize toxins such as etoh and are found in the liver
What is the function of the lysosomes?
to be membrane bound vesicles that contain digestive enzymes to digest organic debris inside cells
What is the function of the golgi complex?
involved in the synthesis and packaging of various carbs and complex protiens such as enzymes
What is the function of the rough endoplasmic rectilium?
involved in building protiens
What is the function of the smooth enfoplasmic rectillium?
involved in building lipids (fats) such as those found in cell walls
What is the function of the Ribosomes?
contain RNA and control cellular activities by attaching to endoplasmic rectilium to form rough endoplasmic rectilium and create protiens.
Cellular energy sources
Glycolysis, Anaerobic, Aerobic metabolism citric acid cycle, electron transport chain
What is the difference between apoptosis and necrosis?
Apoptosis is the programmed death of cells in which the old cells die and then they are replaced by new ones contents are recycled into other cells. Necrosis is the non programmed death and the when the cells die they are unable to be recycled and cause death of pther cells around them
Define atrophy
The shrinking of the size of a cell, group of cells or tissue as a result of cell stressors.
Define Hypertrophy
An increase in the size of a cell, group of cells or tissue as a result of an abundance of products.
Define Hyperplasia
An increase int he actual number of cells in a tissue or organ that doesnt change the function or arrangemnt. example callus
Define dysplasia
an alteration of the size, shape and orginzation of the cells most often epitheleal cells. example cervical dysplasia from HPV
Define Metaplasia
reversible cellular adaptation in which one adult cell is replaced by another adult cell.
Define Hypoxic injury
decrease in oxygen supply to a cell. The cells create free radicals which are molocules that are missing one electron in their valence shell which makes them search for a free electron thereby damaging other cells around it.
Define Chemical Injury
the damage of cells from ingestion of chemicals
Define infectious injury
Injury to a cell as a result of an invasion of a foreign bacteria, fungi or virus.
Define Immunologic and inflammatory injury
A cellular injury as a result of the body’s attempt to react to a situation such as an infection or physical injury.