Cell Structure and function

Question 1

What are 3 parts of cell theory

Answer 1

1) all organisms are made of 1 or more cells
2) cell is the basic unit of life
3) cells come from division of pre existing cells

Question 2

what instrument is information gathered from

Answer 2

light microscope

Question 3

what is a eukaryotic cell

Answer 3

contains nuclei and other membrane bound organelles (genetic material is organized into chromosomes)

Question 4

4 structures of eukaryotic cell

Answer 4

1) cell membrane
2) nucleus
3) organelles
4) cytoplam

Question 5

What is the fluid mosaic model

Answer 5

model of cell membrane

Question 6

what is the lipid bilayer

Answer 6

dbl lipid layer on cell membrane

Question 7

what do carbs do on outside surface of cell membrane

Answer 7

carbs anchored or suspended on surface of cell membrane layer

Question 8

what are functions of cell membrane

Answer 8

1) transport in and out of cell
2)communication recognition
3) homeostasis

Question 9

why willcell membrane let some substances in but not others

Answer 9

it is selectively permeable

Question 10

what is extra cell layer of plant cells, and what are thety made of

Answer 10

cell wall, made of cellulose fibers

Question 11

what does semi permeable mean

Answer 11

small molecules can pass through while larger ones may not be able to

Question 12

what does selectively permeable mean

Answer 12

will let some substances in but not others of the same size

Question 13

what is surrounding the nucelus + how many layers

Answer 13

nucleic membrane, 2 layers

Question 14

what is purpose of nuclear pores

Answer 14

protien in, mRNA out

Question 15

what is the nucleolus function

Answer 15

manufacture RNA (RNA synthesis)`

Question 16

how is DNA organized

Answer 16

coiled up by histones which are called chromatin

Question 17

what is chromatin

Answer 17

DNA + Histones

Question 18

What are histones

Answer 18

a protein that coils up DNA

Question 19

what is the function of nucelus

Answer 19

metabolism
growth
differentiation
structure
reproduction

Question 20

Where is ER found

Answer 20

just outside of nucleus and expands into cytoplam

Question 21

what is function of the SER

Answer 21

Lipid synthesis
Detox drugs + chemicals

Question 22

function of RER

Answer 22

protein synthesis

Question 23

why is SER so folded

Answer 23

to increases surface area where chemical reactions can occur

Question 24

ER channels provide what benefit to the cell

Answer 24

storage space + transportation routes

Question 25

why do proteins go to golgi after made by RER

Answer 25

they are not mature enough, must undergo further processing before they can perform functions

Question 26

what is structure of ribosomes

Answer 26

consist of rRNA +Proteins, each ribosome is made of 2 non-identical subunits

Question 27

what are polysomes

Answer 27

produce proteins used inside cell, made of clusters of ribosomes, free floating in cytoplasm

Question 28

function of golgi app

Answer 28

-modification -assembly -packaging -storage -secretion -(receive proteins from ER and modify, package into vessicles, then send out of cell) this is called exocytosis

Question 29

what are saccuoles

Answer 29

-looks like flattened sac of hollow tubes in golgi -contains enzymes that modify proteins

Question 30

how does vessicle leave cell from golgi

Answer 30

exocytosis

Question 31

how are vessicles and vacuoles formed

Answer 31

1) from pinching off golgi 2) endocytosis of cell memb 3) extention of ER

Question 32

what are lysosomes (cellular stomach)

Answer 32

-special vessicle formed in golgi -conatin powerful hydrolytic enzymes -contain 40 diff enzymes

Question 33

function of lysosomes

Answer 33

-cellular and auto digestion -breakdown of whole cell - destroy invading bacteria

Question 34

what are peroxisomes

Answer 34

single membrane organelles that make hydrogen peroxide during cellular metabolism, Peroxisomes then break it down into water and oxygen

Question 35

What organelle provides cell with energy

Answer 35

Mitochondria

Question 36

What is the inner membrane of mitochondria called

Answer 36

Cristae

Question 37

In cellular respiration what two things make ATP

Answer 37

converts glucose and fatty acids into ATP

Question 38

how many ATP is produced

Answer 38

38

Question 39

(T or F) Mitochondria are self replication and reproduce by splitting in half

Answer 39

T

Question 40

(T or F) Mitochondria have double helix DNA

Answer 40

F (DNA is circular)

Question 41

(T or F) Mitochondria evolved from bacteria

Answer 41

T

Question 42

Where are chloroplats found

Answer 42

in plant cells only

Question 43

what are the functions of chloroplasts

Answer 43

Make energy for plant cells (photosynthesis)

Question 44

what is a chloroplast

Answer 44

-Double membrane organelle where photosynthesis occurs (chlorophyll is the chemical that absorbs the energy) -process is basically the opposite of cellular resporation

Question 45

chloroplast structure

Answer 45

stacks of grana inside (looks like pancakes) where chlorophyll is located, each pancake is called a thylakoid

Question 46

which cell are centrioles found

Answer 46

animal cells

Question 47

what are 2 main functions of centrioles

Answer 47

-give rise to basal bodies -assist in formation of spindle apparatus in cell division

Question 48

describe and name the function of cilia

Answer 48

-short, hair like projections that function in cell movement -membrane bound cylinder beat stiffly, like oars

Question 49

describe and name the function of flagella

Answer 49

-longer than cilia, but same basic anatomy -beat in whip like motion function in cell movement (Eg. Sperm)

Question 50

what are the functions of the cytoskeleton

Answer 50

-maintain shape -anchor organelles -help organelles move

Question 51

cytoskeleton is made of

Answer 51

Microtubules and Microfilaments

Question 52

what are the functions of microtubules

Answer 52

-give cell shape and form -moving material within cell and cytoskeleton structure

Question 53

what are the functions of microfilaments

Answer 53

-movement of cells (internal and external) -anchor organelles and moving them within the cell

Question 54

what are 2 classes of cells

Answer 54

prokaryotic and eukaryotic

Question 55

what are the differences between prok and euk cells

Answer 55

1) Prok: include bacteria and blue-green algae -are single celled, lack nucleusand other membrane bound substructures, DNA is circular 2) euk: Include planats, animals, protozoa, and fungi -contain nuclei and other membrane bound organelles DNA is organized into chromosomes

Question 56

what are the subunits of grana in the chloroplast called

Answer 56

thylakoid