CELL: STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION Flashcards
2
Q
it is self replicating structure
A
cell
2
Q
discovered the first cells from a slice of cork
A
Robert Hooke
2
Q
when did robert hooke observe the cells from a cork
A
1665
2
Q
parts of an animal cell
A
mitochondrion
golgi complex
ribosome
vacuole
peroxisome
centriole
cell membrane
cytoplasm
lysosome
endoplasmic reticulum
DNA
nucleus
2
Q
it produces energy for cells to use by breaking down substances during oxidative metabolism
A
mitochondrion
2
Q
collects, pachages and disributes molecules made in the cell
A
golgi complex
2
Q
A
2
Q
A
3
Q
A
3
Q
tiny protein producing factories, proteins produces chemical messages that run a cell
A
ribosome
3
Q
tiny organs that help the cell divide
A
centriole
3
Q
made up of a double layer of fatty material It allows some materials to pass into and out teh cell at thousands of places across the surface. It allows foods to pass into the cell and waste to pass out to the cell
A
cell membrane
3
Q
storage area from fats and other substances
A
vacuole
3
Q
jelly-like fluid between cell membrane and the nucleus this i shwere all the organelles are found
A
cytoplasm
3
Q
vesicle that contains enzymes thatr carry our particular reactions, such as detoxifying potentially harmful molecules
A
peroxisome
3
Q
Cell’s control center
A
nucleus
3
Q
where digestion of cell nutrients takes place
A
lysosome
3
Q
smooth and rough tubes that move and store material made by the cell
A
endoplasmic reticulum
3
Q
what year was cell theory proposed
A
1839
3
Q
it states that all living things are made up of cell
cells are the smallest working unit of all living things
all cells coe from pre-existig cells through cell division
A
cell theory
3
Q
70-80% of ___ is present in cell
A
water
3
Q
it is when different substances that me a cell colectively are called
A
protoplasm
3
Q
proposed the cell theory
A
matthais schleiden, theodor schwann, and rudolf virchow
3
contains coded information that passes on every single inherited characteristic
DNA
3
protoplasm is composed of 5 ---
water
carbohydrates
lipids
proteins
electrolytes
3
3 major structure pressent in a cell
cell mmebran e
cytoplasm an its organelles
nucleus
3
a thin pialble elastic outermost structure which envelops the cell
cell membrane
3
it consist of bilipid layer with embedded proteins
cell membrane
3
2 proteins embedded in the cell membrane
intergal proteins
peripheral proteins
3
two molecules in selective permeability
non-polar molecules
polar molecules
3
have much lower solubility and can pentrat the membrane much more slowly
polar molecules
3
5 functions of cell membrane
protective
digestive
slective permeabilty
chemical and physical properties
insulatig properties
3
takes in food and excretes waste products
digestive
3
it acts as dielectric material of a charged condeser thus cell membrane have very high insulating value
insulating properties
3
forms outermost boundary of the cell organelles
protective
3
regions of the membrane and move rapidly across the membrane
non-polar molecules
3
part of the membrane that controls the free pasafe of ions in and out of cell. this property helps in maintaining components in ICF aND ecf
chemical and physical properties
3
links adjacent cells together by junctional complexes to form tissues
chemical and physical properties
3
they are bounded by the plasma memberane and contains many organelles in a eukaryotic cell
cytoplasm
3
the 3 constituent parts of cytoplasm are ----
cytosol
cell organelles
cytoplasmic inculsions
3
it is the aqueous part of the cytoplasm outside all of the organelles and it contains its own distinticive proteins
cytosol
3
it is a thick gel-like semitransparent fluis that is founs in both animal and plant cell
cytoplasm
3
it accounts for almots 70% of the total cell volume
cytosol
3
it is a gelayinous subtsance consisting of mainly cytoskeleton filaments organic molecules salt and water
cytosol
3
6 organelles present in the cytoplasm
mitochondria
lysosome
peroxisome
endoplasmic reticulum
golgi apparatus
vacuole
3
were first observer by Kolliker in 1850 as a granular structure in the stirated muscles
mitonchondria
3
it is filamentus or globular in shape
mitochondria
3
are call the powerhouse of the cell
mitochondria
3
the space between outer and inner membranes
intermediate space
3
5 components of mitonchondria
outer membrane
inner membrane
intermediate space
cristae
matrix
3
infoldings of inner membrane
cristae
3
the space enclosed by inner memebrane
matrix
3
its membrane are made up of phospholipis and proteins
mitochondria
3
what part of the mitchondria contains large numbers of integral membrane proteins called porins
outermost membrane
3
large number of integral membrane proteins
porins
3
they are studded with enzymes concerned with biological oxidation
outemost membrane
3
it cintains enzymes concerned with citric acid cylce and respiratory chain oxidation
interior matrix
3
mitochondria has some protein synthesizes by ====
mitochondrial DNA
3
these are major metabolic pathways involved in oxidation of carbohydrates, lipids, and amino acids and part of special biosynthetuc pathways involving urea and heme synthesis are located in inner matrix
interior matrix
3
functions for energy transduction through respiration
mitochondria
3
its ultimate pupose is oxidative phosphorylation and sythesis of ATP
inner membrane of mitochondria
3
it contains ATPase and other enzymes concerned with synthesis and metabolism of ATP and contains enzymes of elctron transport chain
inner membrane of mitochondria
3
it is responsible for thermogenesis
mitochondria
3
important to maintain proper concentration of calcium ions within the various compartments of the cell
mitochondria
3
power generating unit of the cells
mitochondria
3
these are a netwrom of tubular and flat vesicualr structures in the cytoplasm
endoplasmic reticulum
3
an extensive network of closed flattened membrane-bounded sacs are called
cisternae
3
2 types of endoplasmic reticulum
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
rough endoplasmic reticulum
3
space inside tubes of er is filled with
endoplasmic matrix
3
consists of multiple discrete compartmets
golgi bodies
3
it is where ribosome are absent and its site of synthesis of lipis and sterios hormones and are mainly present in lipid formiung cells
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
3
for protein segregation
endoplasmic reticulum
3
contains ribosomes its site if proteain synthesis prcoessing and packaging and is mainly present in protein forming cells
rough endoplasmic reticulum
3
golgi bodies has 3 regions which are
the cis golgi network
golgi stack
the trans golgi network
3
for unsaturation of fatty acids
endoplasmic reticulum
3
synthesizes proteins
endoplasmic reticulum
3
a collection of membrane enclosed sacs composed of four or more stacked layer sof thin, flat enclosed vessel lying near the side of the nucleus
golgi bodies
3
it is the wrapping and packaging department of the cell
golgi bodies
3
produces secreation granules membrane enclosed complexes and store hormones and enzymes i th eprotein secreting cells it packages proteins
golgi bodies
3
adds carbohydrates for glycoproteins to form tissues
golgi bodies
3
it is the site formation of lysosomes
golgi bodies
3
more acidic that rest of the cytoplasm and external bacteria as well as worn out cell components are digested in them
lysosome
3
are irregular structures surrounded by the unit membrane
lysosome
3
it acts as a form of digestive sytesm of the cell because ensymes present in it can digest esssentially all macromolecules
lysosome
3
its interior is kept near acidic
lysosome
3
they are cell hydrolases and tehy function best at the acidic pH
lysosome
3
engulfs exogenous substances
lysosome
3
engulfs worn out component of the cells in which they are located
lysosome
3
urate oxidase crystalline core
peroxisomes
3
also known as sucidal bags
lysosome
3
a liid bilayer membrane surruounds which regulates what enters or exits the ---
peroxisomes
3
its structure is similar of lysosome but with a different composition
peroxisomes
3
helps in
metabolism and detoxification
photorespiration in plants
biosynthesis of bile acids in liver
synthesis of plasmalogens
peroxisomes
3
a system of fiber that only maintains teh sturctures of the cell but also permit it to change shape and move
cytoskeleton
3
produces oxidases and catalases degrades hydrogen peroxide to yield water and oxygen
peroxisomes
3
it can be formed by the budding of ER or by division
peroxisomes
3
3
protein chaperones that are directed by a uniques signal sequence
peroxins
3
they are 8-14nm in diameter and are made up of various sub units, they form a felixible scaffolding or cell and help it resist external pressure
intermediate filaments
3
cytoskeleton is primarily made up of 3 components
microtubules
intermediate filaments
microfilaments
3
these are long hollow structures, shapes like a spindle ad movemnt of chromosimes and centrioles as well as in ciliary and flagellar motion
microtubules
3
contains chromatin rna and nuclear proteins that move freely in aqueous solution
nucleus
3
they are long solid fibers 4-6 nm in diameter thay comprise the contractile protein actin and are responsible for the cell motion
microfilaments
3
they are
involved in the movement of the chromosomes
cell movement
processes that move secretion granule in the cells
movement of proteins within the cell membrane
cytoskeleton
