Cell Structure and the microscope

Question 1

What are the components of a plant cell visible under a light microscope?

Answer 1

Cell wall, cell membrane, nucleus, chloroplasts, vacuole, cytoplasm, ribosomes

Additional components may include chromatin and mitochondria.

Question 2

What are the components of an animal cell visible under a light microscope?

Answer 2

Cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria, ribosomes

Animal cells do not have cell walls or chloroplasts.

Question 3

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Answer 3

Separates cell organelles and cytoplasm from the outside, semi-permeable, provides support

The cell membrane recognizes molecules that touch it.

Question 4

What is the function of the cell wall?

Answer 4

Supports and strengthens the cell

Composed of cellulose fiber, polysaccharides, and proteins.

Question 5

What is the function of the nucleus?

Answer 5

Contains genetic information and controls cell activities

Question 6

What is the function of the vacuole?

Answer 6

Provides structural support, storage, waste disposal, protection, and growth

Plant cells have large vacuoles.

Question 7

What is the function of the chloroplast?

Answer 7

Conducts photosynthesis

Question 8

What is an organelle?

Answer 8

A cell component that performs specific functions for the cell

Question 9

What are the main organelles found in animal cells?

Answer 9

Cell membrane, nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, cytoplasm

Only cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus are visible under a light microscope.

Question 10

What are the components of the nucleus?

Answer 10

Double membrane, nuclear pores, nucleolus, chromatin

Nucleolus contains RNA, DNA, and proteins and makes ribosomes.

Question 11

What is the role of ribosomes?

Answer 11

Make proteins

Question 12

What is cytoplasm?

Answer 12

A clear jelly-like fluid that fills the cell and contains organelles

Question 13

What is the function of mitochondria?

Answer 13

Supply energy to the cell through respiration

Question 14

What term describes organisms with a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles?

Answer 14

Eukaryotes

Question 15

What term describes organisms that lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles?

Answer 15

Prokaryotes

Question 16

Fill in the blank: The control center of the cell is called the ______.

Answer 16

nucleus

Question 17

Fill in the blank: Openings in the nuclear envelope called __________ allow for movement of substances in and out of the nucleus.

Answer 17

nuclear pores

Question 18

Fill in the blank: Structures inside the nucleus that contain DNA and proteins are called _____________.

Answer 18

chromatin

Question 19

Fill in the blank: Since DNA cannot leave the nucleus, genetic information is copied into molecules of __________ and sent out into the cytoplasm.

Answer 19

RNA

Question 20

Fill in the blank: This information is used to manufacture ______________.

Answer 20

proteins

Question 21

What is the function of chloroplasts?

Answer 21

Photosynthesis

Question 22

What makes cell walls rigid?

Answer 22

Cellulose

Question 23

Define the term Eukaryotic cell.

Answer 23

A cell that contains a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles

Question 24

Name two membrane-enclosed cell organelles.

Answer 24

Nucleus, mitochondria

Other examples include chloroplasts and vacuoles.

Question 25

Give an example of a eukaryotic cell.

Answer 25

Plant cell or animal cell

Question 26

Define the term Prokaryotic.

Answer 26

A cell that lacks a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles

Question 27

Give an example of a prokaryotic cell.

Answer 27

Bacterial cell

Question 29

What is the lens that you look through in a microscope?

Answer 29

Eyepiece Lens ## Footnote The eyepiece lens is crucial for viewing the magnified image.

Question 30

What is the function of the objective lens in a microscope?

Answer 30

It is the lens that is immediately above the specimen ## Footnote The objective lens is essential for magnifying the specimen being observed.

Question 31

What type of microscopes are used in the lab?

Answer 31

Compound microscopes ## Footnote Compound microscopes have two or more lenses for greater magnification.

Question 32

How many objective lenses are there in a compound microscope?

Answer 32

Three ## Footnote The three objective lenses are the scanning lens, low power lens, and high power lens.

Question 33

What are the labels for the three objective lenses?

Answer 33

* Scanning lens: 4X * Low power lens: 10X * High power lens: 40X ## Footnote Each lens provides a different level of magnification.

Question 34

What is the function of the stage in a microscope?

Answer 34

To place the slide on ## Footnote The stage supports the microscope slide for viewing.

Question 35

What is the purpose of the clips on the microscope?

Answer 35

Hold the slide in place ## Footnote Clips ensure that the slide does not move during observation.

Question 36

What does the diaphragm do in a microscope?

Answer 36

Controls the amount of light ## Footnote Adjusting the diaphragm helps in achieving the best image clarity.

Question 37

What is the difference between the coarse focus knob and the fine focus knob?

Answer 37

* Coarse focus knob: Allows for large movement of the objective lens * Fine focus knob: Allows for slight movement of the objective lens ## Footnote These knobs are used for focusing on the specimen at different levels of precision.

Question 38

What is the formula for calculating total magnification?

Answer 38

Magnification = eyepiece lens magnification x objective lens magnification ## Footnote For example, if the eyepiece lens is 10X and the objective lens is 4X, total magnification is 40X.

Question 39

What is a key feature of an electron microscope?

Answer 39

Uses electrons instead of light ## Footnote This allows for much higher resolution and greater magnification compared to light microscopes.

Question 40

Why is the resolution of an electron microscope better than that of a light microscope?

Answer 40

Electrons have much lower wavelength than light ## Footnote Lower wavelength allows for more detailed images.

Question 41

What are some advantages of using an electron microscope?

Answer 41

* Much better resolution * Much greater magnification ## Footnote These advantages make electron microscopes suitable for observing very small specimens.

Question 42

Fill in the blank: The _______ allows light to be focused onto the specimen through a hole in the stage.

Answer 42

diaphragm ## Footnote The diaphragm is essential for controlling the light intensity on the specimen.

Question 43

True or False: The coarse focus knob allows for precise focusing of the image.

Answer 43

False ## Footnote The fine focus knob is used for precise focusing, while the coarse focus knob is for larger adjustments.

Question 44

What are the functions of the parts of the microscope?

Answer 44

* Eyepiece Lens: Viewing the image * Objective Lens: Magnifying the specimen * Stage: Placing the slide * Clips: Holding the slide * Diaphragm: Controlling light * Coarse Focus Knob: Large adjustments * Fine Focus Knob: Precise adjustments * Light: Supplying illumination ## Footnote Each part has a specific role in the operation of the microscope.