Cells Flashcards
(22 cards)
1
Q
What is the Cell Membrane?
A
- A protective lipid bilayer surrounding each cell
- Regulates what enters and leaves the cell
2
Q
What is a Centriole?
A
- Are bundles of microtubules that play a role in organizing the movement of chromosomes during cell division
3
Q
What is a Lysosome?
A
- Are small vesicles that contain enzymes and chemicals that help digest material brought into the cell
- Also break down old or nonfunctioning organelles
- Are formed by the Golgi apparatus
4
Q
What is a Mitochondrion?
A
- The ‘powerhouse’ of the cell that converts nutrients into energy that can be used by the cell
- Contain their own DNA and may once have been independent bacteria
5
Q
What is a Ribosome?
A
- Found on the rough endoplasmic reticulum and throughout the cytoplasm
- These tiny structures are the sites of protein synthesis in the cell
6
Q
What is a Vacuole?
A
- A type of vesicle that stores water, salts, carbohydrates, and proteins
- Play a role in removing waste products from the cell
7
Q
What is a Vesicle?
A
- Small, saclike structures created by the Golgi Apparatus
- Store and deliver nutrients and proteins throughout the cell
- Also transport nutrients and proteins out of the cell through the cell membrane
- Include vacuoles and lysosomes
8
Q
What is the Cell Wall?
A
- The porous outermost layer that surrounds the cell membrane
- Plays a role in protecting and supporting the cell
- Is made up of layers that can be flexible and elastic or rigid and woody
9
Q
What is a Chloroplast?
A
- An organelle that converts the radiant energy of the sun into chemical energy through photosynthesis
10
Q
What is the Cytoplasm?
A
- The jelly like substance that’s composed mostly of water that lies between the nucleus and the cell membrane
11
Q
What is the Cytoskeleton
A
12
Q
What is the Endoplasmic Reticulum
A
13
Q
What is the Golgi Apparatus
A
- A stack of membranes that collect and modify chemical compounds
- Packages compounds to be used in other parts of the cell or exported outside the cell.
14
Q
What is the Nuclear Membrane?
A
- A double layer membrane that surrounds and protects the nucleus of the cell.
- Pores in the membrane which allow molecules to move in and out of the nucleus
15
Q
What is the Nucleolus?
A
- Found inside the nucleus, this organelle contains RNA and synthesizes ribosomes
16
Q
What is the Nucleus?
A
- The nucleus contains the cell’s DNA and regulates gene expression
17
Q
What is a Plastid?
A
- Organelles that carry out many functions in plant cells, including photosynthesis (chloroplasts), pigment synthesis and storage (chromoplasts), and food storage (leucoplasts)
- Like mitochondria, they contain their own DNA
18
Q
What is the Capsule?
A
- The outermost layer of a bacterial cell
- Protects a bacterial cell in many ways
- Prevents harmful materials from entering, keeps the cell from drying out, and helps to defend the cell from being engulfed by white blood cells
19
Q
What is the Flagellum?
A
- A hair like organelle the cell uses for movement
- When the organelle makes a whipping motion, the bacterial cell moves forwards
20
Q
What is the Pilus?
A
- Are hair like structures found on the cell surface
- Help attach bacteria to other surfaces
- Some of them transfer genetic material between bacterial cells
21
Q
What is the Plasmid?
A
- A small circular piece of DNA
- Are independent from the genetic material in the nucleoid
- Usually have genes that provide the bacteria with an advantage, like antibiotic resistance
22
Q
What is the Nucleoid?
A
- A region inside the the bacteria cell that holds most of the genetic material
- Unlike in plant and animal cells, it is not surrounded by a membrane
