Cells

Question 1

what makes something living?

Answer 1

M: movement
R: respiration
S: sensitivity

G: growth
R: reproduction
E: excretion
N: nutrition

Question 2

Cells

Answer 2

makes up all living things

Question 3

Broad categories of cell

Answer 3

eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells

Question 4

what is the major difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells

Answer 4

eukaryotic cells have a nucleus whereas prokaryotic cells don’t

Question 5

the organelles are found in animal cells

Answer 5

nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria, ribosomes, cell membrane

Question 6

the organelles are found in plant cells

Answer 6

nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria, ribosomes, cell membrane, permanent vacuole, cell wall, chloroplasts

Question 7

the organelles found in plant cells but not animal

Answer 7

permanent vacuole, cell wall, chloroplasts

Question 8

nucleus

Answer 8

Controls cell. Contains the genetic information

Question 9

cytoplasm

Answer 9

A liquid gel in which other organelles are found

Question 10

mitochondria

Answer 10

Site of aerobic respiration and where energy is released

Question 11

ribosomes

Answer 11

site of protein synthesis

Question 12

cell membrane

Answer 12

controls what goes in and out of the cell

Question 13

permanent vacuole

Answer 13

filled with cell sap, helps the cell keep rigid

Question 14

Cell wall

Answer 14

made of cellulose, strengthens the cell and helps give it support

Question 15

Chloroplasts

Answer 15

contain chlorophyll which absorbs light, site of photosynthesis

Question 16

the organelles found in bacterial cells

Answer 16

flagella, plasmids, cell wall, slime capsule, cell membrane, cytoplasm

Question 17

plasmids

Answer 17

small rings of DNA that carry genes for antibiotic resistance

Question 18

flagellum

Answer 18

strands of protein that act like propellers to move bacteria forward

Question 19

Slime capsule

Answer 19

protects bacteria

Question 20

Different types of microscopes

Answer 20

light and electron

Question 21

how do light microscopes work

Answer 21

a beam of light is used to form an image of an object

Question 22

how do electron microscopes work

Answer 22

a beam of electrons are used to form the image of an object

Question 23

equation for magnification of light microscopes

Answer 23

Total magnification = eyepiece lens magnification x objective lens magnification

Question 24

calculation for cell magnification from images

Answer 24

magnification = image size / actual size

Question 25

how many nanometres in 1 micrometre

Answer 25

1,000

Question 26

how many micrometres in 1 millimetre

Answer 26

1,000

Question 27

the max magnification on light microscopes

Answer 27

x2,000

Question 28

the max magnification on electron microscopes

Answer 28

x2,000,000

Question 29

specialised cell

Answer 29

adapted to their function

Question 30

Examples of specialised animal cells

Answer 30

nerve cell muscle cell sperm cell

Question 31

function of nerve cell

Answer 31

carry electrical impulses around the body

Question 32

adaptations of nerve cell

Answer 32

• lots of dentrites and synapses - connects - lot of mitochondria providing energy to make transmitter molecules • long axon - carries impulse one place to another

Question 33

function of muscle cell

Answer 33

contract and relax to allow movement

Question 34

Adaptations of muscle cells

Answer 34

• fibres that slide over one another to contract • lots of mitochondria for energy for contractions • store glycogen that can be converted to glucose for respiration

Question 35

function of speed cell

Answer 35

fertilise an egg cell

Question 36

adaptations of sperm cells

Answer 36

• tail for movement • lot of mitochondria for energy for tail movement • digestive enzymes in acrosome to break through egg • large nucleus contains genetic info

Question 37

examples of specialised plant cells

Answer 37

• root hair cell • xylem cell • phloem cells

Question 38

function of root hair cells

Answer 38

absorb water and minerals

Question 39

two adaptations of root hair cell

Answer 39

• large surface area for water to move into cell by osmosis • large permanent vacuole speeds up osmosis

Question 40

function of xylem cells

Answer 40

transports water and mineral ions from the roots to leaves and shoots

Question 41

adaptations of xylem cells

Question 42

function of phloem cells

Answer 42

transports glucose around plant

Question 43

adaptations of phloem cells

Question 44

diffusion

Answer 44

the movement of particles from its area of high concentration to an area of its low concentration, down a concentration gradient

Question 45

substances that commonly enter cells

Answer 45

glucose and oxygen

Question 46

what substances are commonly removed from cells

Answer 46

urea and carbon dioxide

Question 47

factors that can affect diffusion

Answer 47

temperature, size of concentration gradient, surface area, diffusion distance

Question 48

what affect does becoming larger have on surface area to volume ratio

Answer 48

the larger ration the better an a organism is at exchanging material

Question 49

common adaptations of exchange surfaces

Answer 49

surface area, width of membrane, blood supply

Question 50

why is a thin membrane useful

Answer 50

provides short diffusion distance

Question 51

why is a good blood supply useful

Answer 51

maintains a steep concentration gradient