Cells 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Only certain materials can pass through a surface.

A

Semipermeable

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2
Q

What the cell membrane is made out of.

A

Phospholipid Bilayer

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3
Q

Something that is polar, the head of a phospholipids.

A

Hydrophilic

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4
Q

Something that is nonpolar, the tails of phospholipids.

A

Hydrophilic

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5
Q

The model of a cell membrane and its components.

A

Fluid Mosaic Model

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6
Q

Transportation of materials through the cell membrane without using energy. High –> Low

A

Passive Transport

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7
Q

Transportation of materials through the cell membrane using energy. Low –> High

A

Active Transport

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8
Q

Transport of materials from high to low naturally over the cell membrane.

A

Simple Diffusion

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9
Q

The diffusion of water.

A

Osmosis

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10
Q

When materials are equally spread out inside and outside the cell.

A

Equilibrium

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11
Q

The way the materials move in a cell. Low to High or High to Low.

A

Concentration Gradient

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12
Q

When there are more solutions outside the cell than inside the cell.

A

Hypotonic Solution

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13
Q

When there are equal amounts of solutions inside and outside of a cell.

A

Isotonic Solution

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14
Q

When there are more solutions outside the cell than inside the cell.

A

Hypertonic Solution

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15
Q

Swollen, when a cell contains too much water and solutions inside that it becomes to large in volume pushing the cell membrane.

A

Turgid

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16
Q

When materials are being moved through the cell membrane with the help of proteins.

A

Facilitated Diffusion

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17
Q

A open protein that helps materials get past the cell membrane.

A

Channel Protein

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18
Q

A protein that helps water get through the cell membrane.

A

Aquaporin

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19
Q

Adenosine-Triphosphate, a material in a cell that is used to activate proteins and it is used as energy for cells.

A

ATP

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20
Q

ATP without charge it stay in this form until charged.

A

ADP

21
Q

A protein that can moves a specific molecule out of the cell and a specific molecule inside of the cell. Used for active transport.

A

Protein Pump

22
Q

When a cell forces materials into it.

A

Endocytosis

23
Q

When a cell takes in liquids.

A

Pinocytosis

24
Q

When a cell takes in solids.

A

Phagocytosis

25
Q

A small storage/transportation unit in a cell.

A

Vesicle

26
Q

Wen a cell forces materials out of itself.

A

Exocytosis

27
Q

The period in the cell cycle where the cell goes through growth and DNA synthesis.

A

Interphase

28
Q

Wen the DNA in the cell duplicates itself.

A

Mitosis

29
Q

The movement of cytoplasm after mitosis.

A

Cytokinesis

30
Q

This cycle includes prophase, metaphase, telophase, interphase and anaphase.

A

Cell Cycle

31
Q

Uncoiled form of DNA in a fully produced cell.

A

Chromatin

32
Q

The part of a chromosome that is going to be split out into the daughter cells.

A

Sister Chromatids

33
Q

Coiled up genetic material that is visible and used to transport the DNA.

A

Chromosome

34
Q

The center of a chromosome that gets split by spindle fibers to produce two parts.

A

Centromere

35
Q

Organelles used specifically for cell reproduction, it is used to hold open parts of the cell for transport.

A

Centriole

36
Q

Thin lines that are produced to pull chromosomes apart.

A

Spindle Fibers

37
Q

The two cells produced after cell reproduction.

A

Daughter Cells

38
Q

The phase when the centrioles move the open the cell, the nuclear envelop starts to dissolve, and the DNA begin to coil.

A

Prophase

39
Q

The phase when chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell and spindle fibers attach themselves to the centromeres.

A

Metaphase

40
Q

The phase when the chromosomes are pulled apart and begin moving towards opposite ends of the cell.

A

Anaphase

41
Q

The phase when the cell is splitting and goes through mitosis and cytokinesis. The nuclear envelope and separate cell membranes begin to form, while the spindle fibers dissolve and the DNA in coils.

A

Telophase

42
Q

The area between the two daughter cells being produced.

A

Cleavage Furrow

43
Q

A barrier forms by plant cells during reproduction, it is used to keep cell content secure and inside the cell.

A

Cell Plate

44
Q

When cells do not stop reproduction, even when there are to many cells in a specific area.

A

Cancer

45
Q

A harmless tumor that has no affect on the body, non cancerous.

A

Benign Tumor

46
Q

A highly harmful tumor that is cancerous and should be treated early.

A

Malignant Tumor

47
Q

When cancer cells are able to be moved into other parts of the body.

A

Metastasis

48
Q

A therapy for cancer that is when a doctor focuses a lot of radiation on a tumor.

A

Radiotherapy