Cells

Question 0

What is the structure and function of the nucleus?

Answer 0

Nuclear envelope (double membrane)
Nuclear pores (gaps in the membrane) - allows substances to move between cytoplasm and nucleus
Chromatin - made from DNA and proteins, controls cells activities
Nucleolus - makes ribosomes

Question 1

What is the function of the plasma membrane?

Answer 1

Regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell.

Also has receptor molecules which allows it to respond to chemicals like hormones

Question 2

What is the structure of rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 2

A system of membranes enclosing a fluid - filled space. Covered in ribosomes

Question 3

What is the function of rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 3

Folds and processes proteins that have been made at the ribosomes

Question 4

What is the structure of the Golgi apparatus?

Answer 4

Fluid filled flattened sacs

Question 5

What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Answer 5

Processes and packages new lipids and proteins which are transported around the cell by vesicles ( pm embrace bound sacs)

Also makes lysosomes

Question 6

What is the structure of endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 6

A system of membranes enclosing a fluid - filled space.

Question 7

What is the function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 7

Synthesises and processes lipids

Question 8

What is the structure of lysosomes?

Answer 8

Round organelle surrounded by a membrane with no clear internal structure

Question 9

What is the function of the lysosomes?

Answer 9

Contains digestive enzymes, kept separate from the cytoplasm via it’s membrane. Used to digest invading cells or worn out organelles

Question 10

What is the structure of mitochondrion?

Answer 10

Double membrane that folds to form structures called crista

Inside this is the matrix containing the enzymes involved in respiration

Question 11

What is the function of mitochondrion?

Answer 11

The site of aerobic respiration, producing ATP. - a common energy source in the cell.

There are lots of mitochondria in active cells, as they require more energy

Question 12

What is the structure of ribosomes?

Answer 12

Small organelle that is attached to endoplasmic reticulum or free in cytoplasm. It has a small and large subunit

Question 13

What is the function of the ribosomes?

Answer 13

The site of protein synthesis

Question 14

How are are small intestines adapted to absorb food in terms of cells?

Answer 14

The lumen surface is covered by villi made of epithelial cells, giving a larger surface area to absorb food.

Question 15

How are epithelial cells adapted?

Answer 15

Have microvilli to provide an even larger surface area for absorption
Lots of mitochondria to provide lots of energy (ATP) for active transport of digested food molecules into the cell

Question 16

What are microvilli?

Answer 16

Folds in the plasma membrane of cells. Found in epithelial cells

Question 17

How are red blood cells adapted?

Answer 17

No nucleus, more room for oxygen carrying molecule haemoglobin

Question 18

How are sperm cells adapted?

Answer 18

A lot of mitochondria to provide energy to travel distance to egg
Long tail to propel sperm there

Question 19

What is the differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

Answer 19

Prokaryotic cells have: 
Flagellum 
Cell wall
Capsule 
Plasmids 
DNA suspended in cytoplasm ( no membrane bound organelles)

Question 20

What is the function of flagellum in prokaryotic cells?

Answer 20

Propel cell forward?

Question 21

What is the function of the cell wall in prokaryotic cells?

Answer 21

Keep cell rigid

Question 22

What is the function of the capsule in prokaryotic cells?

Answer 22

Made of secreted slime which acts as protection against white blood cells

Question 23

What is a prokaryotic organism?

Answer 23

An organism made out of just one cell