Cells

Question 1

what are the 3 main parts of a cell

Answer 1

1. nucleus
2. cell membrane
3. cytoplasm

Question 2

what are the functions of the cell membrane

Answer 2

1. regulates the movement of substances
2. participates in signal transductions
3. helps cells adhere to other cells

Question 3

what are some characteristics of the cell membrane

Answer 3

1. extremely thin and selectively permeable

2. complex surface with adaptations to increase surface area

Question 4

structures of the cell membrane

Answer 4

1. double layer of phospholipids
2. lipid soluble molecules
3. embedded cholesterol molecules

Question 5

functions of cell membrane proteins

Answer 5

1. Receptor Proteins: signal transduction
2. Transport: aid in transport from one side to the other
3. cytoskeleton filaments: give shape

Question 6

what is cytoplasm

Answer 6

the liquid in a cell

Question 7

what are the parts of cytoplasm

Answer 7

cytosol
cytoskeleton
networks of membranes of organelles

Question 8

endoplasmic reticulum

rough and smooth

Answer 8

Rough: with ribosomes for protein synthesis
Smooth: without ribosomes for lipid synthesis

Question 9

where are ribosomes formed

Answer 9

nucleolus

Question 10

how does golgi apparatus works

Answer 10

1. vesicles formed on ER
2. the vesicles may then move
3. vesicles form a delivery service carrying chemicals throughout the cell (vesicle trafficking)

Question 11

what is the mitcohondira

Answer 11

the energy powerhouse

Question 12

layers of the mitochondria

Answer 12

1. inner membrane
2. outer membrane
3. cristae: stores enzymes to make ATP

Question 13

what are lysosomes

Answer 13

garbage disposals of the cell, enzymes

Question 14

what peroxisomes

Answer 14

contain enzymes

Question 15

microfilaments and microtublues functions

Answer 15

serve as the cytoskeleton of the cell

1. microfilaments made of actin
2. microtubules made of globular protein tubulin

Question 16

what are cilia and flagella and what is the difference between them

Answer 16

motile extensions from the cell

1. cilia is short
2. flagella is long

Question 17

what are vesicles

Answer 17

a fluid or air filled sac

Question 18

where are vesicles formed

Answer 18

they form from part of the cell membrane of the golgi apparartus

Question 19

what is the nucleus

Answer 19

the center and the decision maker of the cell

-also produces ribosomes

Question 20

what is the nuclear envelope

Answer 20

cell membrane of nucleus, 2 layers

Question 21

nuclear pores

Answer 21

let small particles enter the nucleus

Question 22

what are the 2 mechanisms of movement

Answer 22

1. passive: diffusion only moves from great to less concentration
2. active: need energy

Question 23

what is facilitated diffusion

Answer 23

need a transporter because of being water soluble

Question 24

what are the 4 types of passive movements

Answer 24

1. diffusion
2. facilitated diffusion
3. osmosis
4. filtration

Question 25

what is diffusion

Answer 25

• caused by the random motion of molecules

- movement of molecules from an area of greater concentration to lesser concentration until equilibrium is reached

Question 26

what is osmosis

Answer 26

• special case of diffusion
• substances arent permeable
• water moves from an area of greater concentration across an area of lower water concentration

Question 27

what is osmotic pressure

Answer 27

the ability of osmosis to lift a volume of water
Isotonic: body pressure equal to solution
Hypertonic: solution pressure is greater than body pressure ( give off water)
Hypotonic: body fluid greater pressure than solution (gain water)

Question 28

what is filtration

Answer 28

pressure of water force small molecules through membranes

-hydrostatic pressure

Question 29

what is active transport

Answer 29

• molecules move from areas of low concentration to areas of high concentration through carrier molecules in cell membranes
• requires ATP
• pumps particles from low to high concentration, ATP binds to carrier protein

Question 30

Active: Endocytosis

Answer 30

takes particles into the cell

-molecules are engulfed by an invagination of the cell membrane and carried into the cell surrounded by a vesicle

Question 31

active: exocytosis

Answer 31

exports molecules from cells

Question 32

3 forms of endocytosis

Answer 32

1. pinocytosis: liquid
2. phagocytosis: solid
3. Receptor mediated endocytosis: allows the cell to take in very specific molecules that pari up with specific receptors on the cell surface when its not permeable